{"NOAAStudyId":"23251","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-12-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-23251.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":65400000,"earliestYearCE":-65398050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-23251","funding":[],"investigators":"Royer, D.","mostRecentYearBP":15200000,"mostRecentYearCE":-15198050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23251","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Understanding the link between the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and Earth's temperature underpins much of paleoclimatology and our predictions of future global warming. Here, we use the inverse relationship between leaf stomatal indices and the partial pressure of CO2 in modern Ginkgo bilobaand Metasequoia glyptostroboides to develop a CO2 reconstruction based on fossil Ginkgo and Metasequoia cuticles for the middle Paleocene to early Eocene and middle Miocene. Our reconstruction indicates that CO2 remained between 300 and 450 parts per million by volume for these intervals with the exception of a single high estimate near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. These results suggest that factors in addition to CO2 are required to explain these past intervals of global warmth.","author":{"name":"Dana L. Royer, Scott L. Wing, David J. Beerling, David W. Jolley, Paul L. Koch, Leo J. Hickey, Robert A. Berner"},"citation":"Dana L. Royer, Scott L. Wing, David J. Beerling, David W. Jolley, Paul L. Koch, Leo J. Hickey, Robert A. Berner. 2001. Paleobotanical Evidence for Near Present-Day Levels of Atmospheric CO2 During Part of the Tertiary. Science, 292(5525), 2310-2313. doi: 10.1126/science.292.5525.2310","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.292.5525.2310","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.292.5525.2310"},"issue":"5525","journal":"Science","pages":"2310-2313","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2001,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleobotanical Evidence for Near Present-Day Levels of Atmospheric CO2 During Part of the Tertiary","type":"publication","volume":"292"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"D.J. Beerling, B.H. Lomax, D.L. Royer, G.R. Upchurch, Jr., and L.R. Kump"},"citation":"D.J. Beerling, B.H. Lomax, D.L. Royer, G.R. Upchurch, Jr., and L.R. Kump. 2002. An atmospheric pCO2 reconstruction across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary from leaf megafossils. 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