{"NOAAStudyId":"23531","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-03-08","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-23531.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":51550000,"earliestYearCE":-51548050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-23531","funding":[],"investigators":"Jagniecki, E.A.; Lowenstein, T.K.; Jenkins, D.M.; Demicco, R.V.","mostRecentYearBP":49320000,"mostRecentYearCE":-49318050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23531","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Estimates of the atmospheric concentration of CO2, [CO2]atm, for the \"hothouse\" climate of the early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) vary for different proxies. Extensive beds of the mineral nahcolite (NaHCO3) in evaporite deposits of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, USA, previously established [CO2]atm for the EECO to be >1125 ppm by volume (ppm). Here, we present experimental data that revise the sodium carbonate mineral equilibria as a function of [CO2] and temperature. Co-precipitation of nahcolite and halite (NaCl) now establishes a well-constrained lower [CO2]atm limit of 680 ppm for the EECO. Paleotemperature estimates from leaf fossils and fluid inclusions in halite suggest an upper limit for [CO2]atm in the EECO from the nahcolite proxy of ~1260 ppm. These data support a causal connection between elevated [CO2]atm and early Eocene global warmth, but at significantly lower [CO2]atm than previously thought, which suggests that ancient climates on Earth may have been more sensitive to a doubling of [CO2]atm than is currently assumed.","author":{"name":"Elliot A. Jagniecki, Tim K. Lowenstein, David M. Jenkins, Robert V. Demicco"},"citation":"Elliot A. Jagniecki, Tim K. Lowenstein, David M. Jenkins, Robert V. Demicco. 2015. Eocene atmospheric CO2 from the nahcolite proxy. Geology, 43(12), 1075-1078. doi: 10.1130/G36886.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G36886.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G36886.1"},"issue":"12","journal":"Geology","pages":"1075-1078","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Eocene atmospheric CO2 from the nahcolite proxy","type":"publication","volume":"43"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Tim K. Lowenstein, Robert V. Demicco"},"citation":"Tim K. Lowenstein, Robert V. Demicco. 2006. Elevated Eocene Atmospheric CO2 and Its Subsequent Decline. Science, 313(5795), 1928. doi: 10.1126/science.1129555 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1129555 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1129555 "},"issue":"5795","journal":"Science","pages":"1928","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Elevated Eocene Atmospheric CO2 and Its Subsequent Decline","type":"publication","volume":"313"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57602","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39.90546","-108.36224"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-108.36224","maxElevationMeters":"2000","minElevationMeters":"2000","northernmostLatitude":"39.90546","southernmostLatitude":"39.90546","westernmostLongitude":"-108.36224"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Colorado","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35373","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/jagniecki2015nahcolite.txt","linkText":"Piceance Creek Basin Eocene Nacolite CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on nahcolite","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/jagniecki2015nahcolite.xlsx","linkText":"Piceance Creek Basin Eocene Nacolite CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Jagniecki2015nahcolite","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":51550000,"earliestYearBP":51550000,"earliestYearCE":-51548050,"mostRecentYear":49320000,"mostRecentYearBP":49320000,"mostRecentYearCE":-49318050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Shell 23x-2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Piceance Creek Basin Eocene Nahcolite CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Paleo-CO2 derived from Eocene nahcolite from a Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado sediment core (Green River Formation), contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21675"}