{"NOAAStudyId":"23571","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-03-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-23571.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":48000000,"earliestYearCE":-47998050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-23571","funding":[],"investigators":"Grein, M.; Konrad, W.; Wilde, V.; Utescher, T.; Roth-Nebelsick, A.","mostRecentYearBP":47600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-47598050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23571","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In this study, atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene (~ 47 Ma) is reconstructed using fossil plants from the Messel Formation close to Darmstadt, Germany. CO2 concentration is calculated using a mechanistic model of gas exchange which optimizes CO2 uptake by photosynthesis against water vapor loss by transpiration, a strategy that is commonly realized in land plants. Input data for the model are stomatal data (density and pore length), paleoclimate data obtained by two different approaches and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis. Leaves from three taxa belonging to two different families were studied: Laurophyllum lanigeroides, Daphnogene crebrigranosa (both Lauraceae) and Rhodomyrtophyllum sinuatum (Myrtaceae). The results suggest that CO2 was between 853 and 1033 ppm during the development of the Messel Formation. Stomatal data therefore indicate a CO2 concentration that was substantially higher than today. The reconstructed range of CO2 concentration is close to data provided by geochemical modeling results and conforms to various data that indicate a warm and ice-free climate during this time interval.","author":{"name":"M. Grein, W. Konrad, V. Wilde, T.Utescher, A. Roth-Nebelsick"},"citation":"M. Grein, W. Konrad, V. Wilde, T.Utescher, A. Roth-Nebelsick. 2011. Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309(3-4), 383-391. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008"},"issue":"3-4","journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":"383-391","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany","type":"publication","volume":"309"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57605","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["49.91","8.76"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8.76","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"49.91","southernmostLatitude":"49.91","westernmostLongitude":"8.76"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Germany","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35414","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/grein2011stomata.txt","linkText":"Messel Formation Eocene Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on stomatal measurements","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/grein2011stomata.xlsx","linkText":"Messel Formation Eocene Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Grein2011stomata","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":48000000,"earliestYearBP":48000000,"earliestYearCE":-47998050,"mostRecentYear":47600000,"mostRecentYearBP":47600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-47598050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Messel Formation"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Messel Formation, Germany Eocene Stomata CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata collected in the Messel Formation, Germany, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21716"}