{"NOAAStudyId":"24031","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-05-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-24031.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":30880,"earliestYearCE":-28930,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-24031","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/D00876X/2"}],"investigators":"Henehan, M.J.; Rae, J.W.B.; Foster, G.L.; Erez, J.; Prentice, K.C.; Kucera, M.; Bostock, H.C.; Martínez-Botí, M.A.; Milton, J.A.; Wilson, P.A.; Marshall, B.J.; Elliott, T.","mostRecentYearBP":3915,"mostRecentYearCE":-1965,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24031","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The boron isotope-pH proxy, applied to mixed-layer planktic foraminifera, has great potential for estimating past CO2 levels, which in turn is crucial to advance our understanding of how this greenhouse gas influences Earth's climate. Previous culture experiments have shown that, although the boron isotopic compositions of various planktic foraminifera are pH dependent, they do not agree with the aqueous geochemical basis of the proxy. Here we outline the results of culture experiments on Globigerinoides ruber (white) across a range of pH (~7.5-8.2) and analysed via multicollector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS), and compare these data to core-top and sediment-trap samples to derive a robust new species-specific boron isotope-pH calibration. Consistent with earlier culture studies, we show a reduced pH dependency of the boron isotopic composition of symbiont-bearing planktonic foraminifera compared to borate ion in seawater. We also present evidence for a size fraction effect in the d11B of G. ruber. Finally, we reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last deglacial using our new calibration at two equatorial sites, ODP Site 999A and Site GeoB1523-1. These data provide further grounding for the application of the boron isotope-pH proxy in reconstructions of past atmospheric CO2 levels.","author":{"name":"Michael J. Henehan, James W.B. Rae, Gavin L. Foster, Jonathan Erez, Katherine C. Prentice, Michal Kucera, Helen C. Bostock, Miguel A. Martínez-Botí, J. Andy Milton, Paul A. Wilson, Brittney J. Marshall, Tim Elliott"},"citation":"Michael J. Henehan, James W.B. Rae, Gavin L. Foster, Jonathan Erez, Katherine C. Prentice, Michal Kucera, Helen C. Bostock, Miguel A. Martínez-Botí, J. Andy Milton, Paul A. Wilson, Brittney J. Marshall, Tim Elliott. 2013. Calibration of the boron isotope proxy in the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber for use in palaeo-CO2 reconstruction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 364, 111-122. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.029","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.029","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.029"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"111-122","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Calibration of the boron isotope proxy in the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber for use in palaeo-CO2 reconstruction","type":"publication","volume":"364"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19232","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["12.75","-78.73"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-78.73","maxElevationMeters":"-2827","minElevationMeters":"-2827","northernmostLatitude":"12.75","southernmostLatitude":"12.75","westernmostLongitude":"-78.73"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific 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