{"NOAAStudyId":"24210","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-05-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-24210.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":324000000,"earliestYearCE":-323998050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-24210","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR0643290"},{"fundingAgency":"Marie Curie Fellowship","fundingGrant":"MEXT-CT-2006-042531"}],"investigators":"Barclay, R.S.; McElwain, J.C.; Sageman, B.B.","mostRecentYearBP":950000,"mostRecentYearCE":-948050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24210","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Yuqing Wang, Arata Momohara, Li Wang, Julie Lebreton-Anberrée, Zhekun Zhou"},"citation":"Yuqing Wang, Arata Momohara, Li Wang, Julie Lebreton-Anberrée, Zhekun Zhou. 2015. Evolutionary History of Atmospheric CO2 during the Late Cenozoic from Fossilized Metasequoia Needles. PLoS ONE, 10(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130941","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130941","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130941"},"issue":"7","journal":"PLoS ONE","pages":null,"pubRank":"6","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Evolutionary History of Atmospheric CO2 during the Late Cenozoic from Fossilized Metasequoia Needles","type":"publication","volume":"10"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Beerling, D.J."},"citation":"Beerling, D.J. 2002. Low atmospheric CO2 levels during the Permo- Carboniferous glaciation inferred from fossil lycopsids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(20), 12567-12571. doi: 10.1073/pnas.202304999","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.202304999","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.202304999"},"issue":"20","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":"12567-12571","pubRank":"7","pubYear":2002,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Low atmospheric CO2 levels during the Permo- Carboniferous glaciation inferred from fossil lycopsids","type":"publication","volume":"99"},{"abstract":"The Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Event 2 (about 94 million years ago) is thought to be linked to extensive volcanism, which triggered a biogeochemical chain of events that eventually led to widespread marine anoxia and a remarkable increase in carbon burial in marine sediments. It has been suggested that the event was accompanied by a substantial decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but the quantification of the drawdown remains controversial. Here we reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations throughout the ocean anoxic event from counts of the stomata in fossil leaves, and use terrestrial carbon isotopes to link the reconstruction to marine records of the event. We find that before the onset of ocean anoxia, atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 20% over background levels of 370 +100/-70 ppm. This was part of a long-term rise in atmospheric CO2 levels, presumably caused by volcanism, which reached a peak of 500 +400/-180 ppm. However, two pulses of extensive carbon burial during the ocean anoxic event, as indicated by positive carbon isotope excursions, are associated with decreased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We conclude that the sequestration of marine organic carbon led to a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentration of up to 26% during Ocean Anoxic Event 2.","author":{"name":"Richard S. Barclay, Jennifer C. McElwain, Bradley B. Sageman"},"citation":"Richard S. Barclay, Jennifer C. McElwain, Bradley B. Sageman. 2010. Carbon sequestration activated by a volcanic CO2 pulse during Ocean Anoxic Event 2. Nature Geoscience, 3, 205-208. doi: 10.1038/ngeo757","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo757","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo757"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":"205-208","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Carbon sequestration activated by a volcanic CO2 pulse during Ocean Anoxic Event 2","type":"publication","volume":"3"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"David R. Greenwood, Mark J. Scarr, David C. Christophel"},"citation":"David R. Greenwood, Mark J. Scarr, David C. Christophel. 2003. Leaf stomatal frequency in the Australian tropical rainforest tree Neolitsea dealbata (Lauraceae) as a proxy measure of atmospheric pCO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 196(3-4), 375-393. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00465-6 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00465-6 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00465-6 "},"issue":"3-4","journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":"375-393","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Leaf stomatal frequency in the Australian tropical rainforest tree Neolitsea dealbata (Lauraceae) as a proxy measure of atmospheric pCO2","type":"publication","volume":"196"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Wolfram M. Kürschner, Zlatko Kvacek, and David L. Dilcher"},"citation":"Wolfram M. Kürschner, Zlatko Kvacek, and David L. Dilcher. 2008. The impact of Miocene atmospheric carbon dioxide fluctuations on climate and the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 449-453. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708588105","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.0708588105","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708588105"},"issue":null,"journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":"449-453","pubRank":"3","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The impact of Miocene atmospheric carbon dioxide fluctuations on climate and the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems","type":"publication","volume":"105"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Robin Y. Smith, David R. Greenwood, James F. Basinger"},"citation":"Robin Y. Smith, David R. Greenwood, James F. Basinger. 2010. Estimating paleoatmospheric pCO2 during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum from stomatal frequency of Ginkgo, Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 293(1-2), 120-131. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.006","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.006","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.006"},"issue":"1-2","journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":"120-131","pubRank":"4","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Estimating paleoatmospheric pCO2 during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum from stomatal frequency of Ginkgo, Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada","type":"publication","volume":"293"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Johan Van Der Burgh, Henk Visscher, David L. Dilcher, Wolfram M. Kürschner"},"citation":"Johan Van Der Burgh, Henk Visscher, David L. Dilcher, Wolfram M. Kürschner. 1993. Paleoatmospheric Signatures in Neogene Fossil Leaves. Science, 260(5115), 1788-1790. doi: 10.1126/science.260.5115.1788","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.260.5115.1788","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5115.1788"},"issue":"5115","journal":"Science","pages":"1788-1790","pubRank":"5","pubYear":1993,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleoatmospheric Signatures in Neogene Fossil Leaves","type":"publication","volume":"260"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35913","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/barclay2010stomata.txt","linkText":"Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from stomatal measurements","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/barclay2010stomata.xlsx","linkText":"Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Barclay2010stomata","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":324000000,"earliestYearBP":324000000,"earliestYearCE":-323998050,"mostRecentYear":950000,"mostRecentYearBP":950000,"mostRecentYearCE":-948050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database 324 Million Year Stomata CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database","version":"1.0","xmlId":"22354"}