{"NOAAStudyId":"24270","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-05-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-24270.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":53200000,"earliestYearCE":-53198050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-24270","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/H017356/1, NE/I005595/1, NE/H016457/1"}],"investigators":"Anagnostou, E.; John, E.H.; Edgar, K.M.; Foster, G.L.; Ridgwell, A.; Inglis, G.N.; Pancost, R.D.; Lunt, D.J.; Pearson, P.N.","mostRecentYearBP":36900000,"mostRecentYearCE":-36898050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24270","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface air temperature over ten degrees Celsius warmer than during the pre-industrial period. Subsequent global cooling in the middle and late Eocene epoch, especially at high latitudes, eventually led to continental ice sheet development in Antarctica in the early Oligocene epoch (about 33.6 million years ago). However, existing estimates place atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during the Eocene at 500-3,000 parts per million, and in the absence of tighter constraints carbon-climate interactions over this interval remain uncertain. Here we use recent analytical and methodological developments to generate a new high-fidelity record of CO2 concentrations using the boron isotope (d11B) composition of well preserved planktonic foraminifera from the Tanzania Drilling Project, revising previous estimates. Although species-level uncertainties make absolute values difficult to constrain, CO2 concentrations during the EECO were around 1,400 parts per million. The relative decline in CO2 concentration through the Eocene is more robustly constrained at about fifty per cent, with a further decline into the Oligocene. Provided the latitudinal dependency of sea surface temperature change for a given climate forcing in the Eocene was similar to that of the late Quaternary period, this CO2 decline was sufficient to drive the well documented high- and low-latitude cooling that occurred through the Eocene. Once the change in global temperature between the pre-industrial period and the Eocene caused by the action of all known slow feedbacks (apart from those associated with the carbon cycle) is removed, both the EECO and the late Eocene exhibit an equilibrium climate sensitivity relative to the preindustrial period of 2.1 to 4.6 degrees Celsius per CO2 doubling (66 per cent confidence), which is similar to the canonical range (1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius), indicating that a large fraction of the warmth of the early Eocene greenhouse was driven by increased CO2 concentrations, and that climate sensitivity was relatively constant throughout this period.","author":{"name":"Eleni Anagnostou, Eleanor H. John, Kirsty M. Edgar, Gavin L. Foster, Andy Ridgwell, Gordon N. Inglis, Richard D. Pancost, Daniel J. Lunt, Paul N. Pearson"},"citation":"Eleni Anagnostou, Eleanor H. John, Kirsty M. Edgar, Gavin L. Foster, Andy Ridgwell, Gordon N. Inglis, Richard D. Pancost, Daniel J. Lunt, Paul N. Pearson. 2016. Changing atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate. Nature, 533, 380-384. doi: 10.1038/nature17423","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature17423","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17423"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":"380-384","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Changing atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate","type":"publication","volume":"533"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57654","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-9.902254","-8.856207","39.460912","39.704584"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"39.704584","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-8.856207","southernmostLatitude":"-9.902254","westernmostLongitude":"39.460912"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Eastern Africa>Tanzania","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35953","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/anagnostou2016boron.txt","linkText":"Tanzania Early Cenozoic Boron Isotope and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"column chemistry","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":"multiple collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 11B"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"column chemistry","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":"multiple collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 11B"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 11B","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 11B","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 11B","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on 11B of planktic foram","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on 11B of planktic foram","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on 11B of planktic foram","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/anagnostou2016boron.xlsx","linkText":"Tanzania Early Cenozoic Boron Isotope and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Anagnostou2016boron","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":53200000,"earliestYearBP":53200000,"earliestYearCE":-53198050,"mostRecentYear":36900000,"mostRecentYearBP":36900000,"mostRecentYearCE":-36898050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Tanzania Drilling Project"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Tanzania Early Cenozoic Boron Isotope and CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on planktonic foraminifera samples from Tanzania Drilling Project cores TDP3/5-1, TDP2/19-1, TDP2/9-3, PP98L-2, and TDP18/18-2 for the early Cenozoic (53.2 - 36.9 ma), contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"22414"}