{"NOAAStudyId":"24331","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-05-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-24331.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":3281000,"earliestYearCE":-3279050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-24331","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/H006273/1, NE/I006346/1"}],"investigators":"Martínez-Botí, M.A.; Foster, G.L.; Chalk, T.B.; Rohling, E.J.; Sexton, P.F.; Lunt, D.J.; Pancost, R.D.; Badger, M.P.S.; Schmidt, D.N.","mostRecentYearBP":2338000,"mostRecentYearCE":-2336050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24331","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Theory and climate modelling suggest that the sensitivity of Earth's climate to changes in radiative forcing could depend on the background climate. However, palaeoclimate data have thus far been insufficient to provide a conclusive test of this prediction. Here we present atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reconstructions based on multi-site boron-isotope records from the late Pliocene epoch (3.3 to 2.3 million years ago). We find that Earth's climate sensitivity to CO2-based radiative forcing (Earth system sensitivity) was half as strong during the warm Pliocene as during the cold late Pleistocene epoch (0.8 to 0.01 million years ago). We attribute this difference to the radiative impacts of continental ice-volume changes (the ice-albedo feedback) during the late Pleistocene, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is identical for the two intervals when we account for such impacts using sea-level reconstructions. We conclude that, on a global scale, no unexpected climate feedbacks operated during the warm Pliocene, and that predictions of equilibrium climate sensitivity (excluding long-term ice-albedo feedbacks) for our Pliocene-like future (with CO2 levels up to maximum Pliocene levels of 450 parts per million) are well described by the currently accepted range of an increase of 1.5 K to 4.5 K per doubling of CO2.","author":{"name":"M.A. Martínez-Botí, G.L. Foster, T.B. Chalk, E.J. Rohling, P.F. Sexton, D.J. Lunt, R.D. Pancost, M.P.S. Badger, D.N. Schmidt"},"citation":"M.A. Martínez-Botí, G.L. Foster, T.B. Chalk, E.J. Rohling, P.F. Sexton, D.J. Lunt, R.D. Pancost, M.P.S. Badger, D.N. Schmidt. 2015. Plio-Pleistocene climate sensitivity evaluated using high-resolution CO2 records. Nature, 518, 49-54. doi: 10.1038/nature14145","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature14145","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14145"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":"49-54","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Plio-Pleistocene climate sensitivity evaluated using high-resolution CO2 records","type":"publication","volume":"518"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19232","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["12.75","-78.73"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-78.73","maxElevationMeters":"-2827","minElevationMeters":"-2827","northernmostLatitude":"12.75","southernmostLatitude":"12.75","westernmostLongitude":"-78.73"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"36014","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon 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RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 11B","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on 11B of G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on 11B of G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts 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