{"NOAAStudyId":"24350","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-06-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-24350.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":19060000,"earliestYearCE":-19058050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-24350","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/D009049/1, NER/S/A/2006/14070"}],"investigators":"Tripati, A.K.; Roberts, C.D.; Eagle, R.A.","mostRecentYearBP":6183,"mostRecentYearCE":-4233,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24350","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the atmosphere has varied cyclically between ~180 and ~280 parts per million by volume over the past 800,000 years, closely coupled with temperature and sea level. For earlier periods in Earth's history, the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is much less certain, and the relation between pCO2 and climate remains poorly constrained. We use boron/calcium ratios in foraminifera to estimate pCO2 during major climate transitions of the past 20 million years. During the Middle Miocene, when temperatures were ~3 to 6C warmer and sea level was 25 to 40 meters higher than at present, pCO2 appears to have been similar to modern levels. Decreases in pCO2 were apparently synchronous with major episodes of glacial expansion during the Middle Miocene (~14 to 10 million years ago) and Late Pliocene (~3.3 to 2.4 million years ago).","author":{"name":"Aradhna K. Tripati, Christopher D. Roberts, Robert A. Eagle"},"citation":"Aradhna K. Tripati, Christopher D. Roberts, Robert A. Eagle. 2009. Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate  Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years. Science, 326(5958), 1394-1397. doi: 10.1126/science.1178296","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1178296","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1178296"},"issue":"5958","journal":"Science","pages":"1394-1397","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate  Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years","type":"publication","volume":"326"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19119","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[".32","159.35"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"159.35","maxElevationMeters":"-2520","minElevationMeters":"-2520","northernmostLatitude":"0.32","southernmostLatitude":"0.32","westernmostLongitude":"159.35"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"36053","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/tripati2009b-ca.txt","linkText":"Western Pacific 20 Million Year B/Ca and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>boron/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/tripati2009b-ca.xlsx","linkText":"Western Pacific 20 Million Year B/Ca and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Tripati2009B-Ca","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":19060000,"earliestYearBP":19060000,"earliestYearCE":-19058050,"mostRecentYear":6183,"mostRecentYearBP":6183,"mostRecentYearCE":-4233,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP 806B"},{"NOAASiteId":"57657","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-26.101944","161.218333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"161.218333","maxElevationMeters":"-2520","minElevationMeters":"-2520","northernmostLatitude":"-26.101944","southernmostLatitude":"-26.101944","westernmostLongitude":"161.218333"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"36053","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/tripati2009b-ca.txt","linkText":"Western Pacific 20 Million Year B/Ca and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>boron/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on boron/calcium","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/tripati2009b-ca.xlsx","linkText":"Western Pacific 20 Million Year B/Ca and CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Tripati2009B-Ca","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":19060000,"earliestYearBP":19060000,"earliestYearCE":-19058050,"mostRecentYear":6183,"mostRecentYearBP":6183,"mostRecentYearCE":-4233,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP588"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Western Pacific 20 Million Year B/Ca and CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Paleo-CO2 derived from boron/calcium measurements on planktonic foraminifera samples from 2 Ocean Drilling Program cores collected in the western Pacific, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"22494"}