{"NOAAStudyId":"26130","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2019-02-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-26130.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":64000000,"earliestYearCE":-63998050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-26130","funding":[],"investigators":"Kowalczyk, J.B.; Royer, D.","mostRecentYearBP":63600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-63598050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26130","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 are necessary to reconstruct Earth's climate history. Confidence in paleo-CO2 estimates can be increased by comparing results from multiple proxies at a single site, but so far this strategy has been implemented only for marine-based techniques. Here we present CO2 estimates for the well-studied early Paleocene Castle Rock site in Colorado using four paleobotanical proxies. Median estimates range from 470 to 813 ppm, demonstrating fair correspondence. The synthesis yields a median of 616 ppm (352-1110 ppm at 95% confidence), considerably higher than previous early Paleocene CO2 estimates (~300 ppm). Ash bed geochronology by the high-precision U-Pb method places the Castle Rock assemblage at 63.844 ± 0.097 Ma (fully propagated 2sigma error). When these results are placed into the broader context of other Cenozoic CO2 estimates from plant-gas-exchange approaches and coeval estimates of global mean surface temperature, a pattern emerges of an Earth system sensitivity around 3C per CO2 doubling during the Paleocene and Eocene, a time with little land ice, then steepening to >7C after the Eocene once land ice was present on Antarctica.","author":{"name":"Jennifer B. Kowalczyk, Dana L. Royer, Ian M. Miller, Clive W. Anderson, David J. Beerling, Peter J. Franks, Michaela Grein, Wilfried Konrad, Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Samuel A. Bowring, Kirk R. Johnson, Jahandar Ramezani"},"citation":"Jennifer B. Kowalczyk, Dana L. Royer, Ian M. Miller, Clive W. Anderson, David J. Beerling, Peter J. Franks, Michaela Grein, Wilfried Konrad, Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Samuel A. Bowring, Kirk R. Johnson, Jahandar Ramezani. 2018. Multiple Proxy Estimates of Atmospheric CO2 From an Early Paleocene Rainforest. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33(12), 1427-1438. doi: 10.1029/2018PA003356","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2018PA003356","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003356"},"issue":"12","journal":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","pages":"1427-1438","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multiple Proxy Estimates of Atmospheric CO2 From an Early Paleocene Rainforest","type":"publication","volume":"33"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57827","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39.38","-104.85"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-104.85","maxElevationMeters":"1897","minElevationMeters":"1897","northernmostLatitude":"39.38","southernmostLatitude":"39.38","westernmostLongitude":"-104.85"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Colorado","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38053","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018liverwort.txt","linkText":"Early Paleocene Liverwort CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018liverwort.xlsx","linkText":"Early Paleocene Liverwort CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Kowalczyk2018Liverwort","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":64000000,"earliestYearBP":64000000,"earliestYearCE":-63998050,"mostRecentYear":63600000,"mostRecentYearBP":63600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-63598050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38054","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018stomata_franks.txt","linkText":"Early Paleocene Stomata-Franks CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018stomata_franks.xlsx","linkText":"Early Paleocene Stomata-Franks CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Kowalczyk2018stomata_Franks","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":64000000,"earliestYearBP":64000000,"earliestYearCE":-63998050,"mostRecentYear":63600000,"mostRecentYearBP":63600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-63598050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38055","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018stomata_konrad.txt","linkText":"Early Paleocene Stomata-Konrad CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018stomata_konrad.xlsx","linkText":"Early Paleocene Stomata-Konrad CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Kowalczyk2018stomata_Konrad","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":64000000,"earliestYearBP":64000000,"earliestYearCE":-63998050,"mostRecentYear":63600000,"mostRecentYearBP":63600000,"mostRecentYearCE":-63598050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Castle Rock CO"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Paleocene Multiproxy CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Multiproxy paleo-CO2 data from Kowalczyk et al. 2018, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database","version":"1.0","xmlId":"65074"}