{"NOAAStudyId":"26151","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2019-02-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-forcing","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-26151.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":18300000,"earliestYearCE":-18298050,"entryId":"noaa-forcing-26151","funding":[],"investigators":"Londoño, L.; Royer, D.","mostRecentYearBP":18100000,"mostRecentYearCE":-18098050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26151","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Premise of the Study \r\nThe global climate during the early Miocene was warmer than the present and preceded the even warmer middle Miocene climatic optimum. The paleo-CO2 records for this interval suggest paradoxically low concentrations (<450 ppm) that are difficult to reconcile with a warmer-than-present global climate.\r\nMethods\r\nIn this study, we use a leaf gas-exchange model to estimate CO2 concentrations using stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene Neotropical assemblage from Panama that we date to 18.01 ± 0.17 Ma via 238U/206Pb zircon geochronology. We first validated the model for Neotropical environments by estimating CO2 from canopy leaves of 21 extant species in a natural Panamanian forest and from leaves of seven Neotropical species in greenhouse experiments at 400 and 700 ppm.\r\nKey Results\r\nThe results showed that the most probable combined CO2 estimate from the natural forests and 400 ppm experiments is 475 ppm, and for the 700 ppm experiments is 665 ppm. CO2 estimates from the five fossil species exhibit bimodality, with two species most consistent with a low mode (528 ppm) and three with a high mode (912 ppm).\r\nConclusions\r\nDespite uncertainties, it is very likely (at >95% confidence) that CO2 during the late early Miocene exceeded 400 ppm. These results revise upwards the likely CO2 concentration at this time, more in keeping with a CO2-forced greenhouse climate.","author":{"name":"Liliana Londoño, Dana L. Royer, Carlos Jaramillo, Jaime Escobar, David A. Foster, Andrés L. Cárdenas-Rozo, Aaron Wood"},"citation":"Liliana Londoño, Dana L. Royer, Carlos Jaramillo, Jaime Escobar, David A. Foster, Andrés L. Cárdenas-Rozo, Aaron Wood. 2018. Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil leaf assemblage exceed 400 ppm. American Journal of Botany, 105(11), 1929-1937. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1187","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/ajb2.1187","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1187"},"issue":"11","journal":"American Journal of Botany","pages":"1929-1937","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil leaf assemblage exceed 400 ppm","type":"publication","volume":"105"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57829","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["9","-79.61"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-79.61","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"9","southernmostLatitude":"9","westernmostLongitude":"-79.61"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Central America>Panama","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38094","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/londono2018stomata_franks.txt","linkText":"Early Miocene Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing>carbon dioxide"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/londono2018stomata_franks.xlsx","linkText":"Early Miocene Stomata CO2 Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Londono2018stomata_Franks","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":18300000,"earliestYearBP":18300000,"earliestYearCE":-18298050,"mostRecentYear":18100000,"mostRecentYearBP":18100000,"mostRecentYearCE":-18098050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Pedro Miguel Formation"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Miocene Stomata CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Stomata Paleo-CO2 data from Londoño et al. 2018, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database","version":"1.0","xmlId":"65094"}