{"NOAAStudyId":"1003404","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-05-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-1003404.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-historical-1003404","funding":[],"investigators":"Dobrovolný, P.; Moberg, A.; Brázdil, R.; Pfister, C.; Glaser, R.; Wilson, R.J.S.; van Engelen, A.; Limanówka, D.; Kiss, A.; Halícková, M.; Macková, J.; Riemann, D.; Luterbacher, J.; Böhm, R.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1003404","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Monthly temperature series for Central Europe back to AD 1500 \nare developed from documentary index series from Germany, \nSwitzerland and the Czech Republic (1500–1854) and 11 instrumental \ntemperature records (1760–2007).  Documentary evidence from the \nLow Countries, the Carpathian Basin and Poland are used for \ncross-checking for earlier centuries. The instrumental station \nrecords are corrected for inhomogeneities, including insufficient \nradiation protection of early thermometers and the urban heat island \neffect. For overlapping period (1760-1854), the documentary data \nseries correlate with instrumental temperatures, most strongly \nin winter (86% explained variance in January) and least in autumn \n(56% in September). For annual average temperatures, 81% of the \nvariance is explained. Verification statistics indicate high \nreconstruction skill for most months and seasons.  The last 20 years \n(since 1988) stand out as very likely the warmest 20-year period,\naccounting for the calibration uncertainty and decreases in proxy \ndata quality before the calibration period. The new reconstruction \ndisplays a previously unobserved long-term decrease in DJF, MAM \nand JJA temperature variability over last five centuries. Compiled \nmonthly, seasonal and annual series can be used to improve the \nrobustness of gridded large-scale European temperature \nreconstructions and possible impact studies. Further improvement \nof the reconstruction would be achieved if documentary data from \nother European countries are further developed. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Dobrovolný, P., A. Moberg, R. Brázdil, C. Pfister, R. Glaser,  \nR. Wilson, A. van Engelen, D. Limanówka, A. Kiss, M. Halícková, \nJ. Macková, D. Riemann, J. Luterbacher, and R. Böhm.  2010. \nMonthly, seasonal and annual temperature reconstructions \nfor Central Europe derived from documentary evidence \nand instrumental records since AD 1500. \nClimatic Change, 101, 1-2, 69-107.  DOI 10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climatic Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Monthly, seasonal and annual temperature reconstructions  for Central Europe derived from documentary evidence  and instrumental records since AD 1500","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["PAGES Euro-Med 2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1000459","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45","53","6","20"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"20","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"53","southernmostLatitude":"45","westernmostLongitude":"6"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Central Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1001665","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/euro-med2k/Dobrovolny_et_al_CC_2010.txt","linkText":"Dobrovolny_et_al_CC_2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical"],"fileUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9970","linkText":"Study ID 9970","urlDescription":"Original Data Source","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"CEurope10 PAGES 2k","dataTableNotes":"This dataset is about Documentary evidence over Central Europe; PAGES ID, Eur_11; Correlation with temperature, positive, CRUTEM4v ;","earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Central Europe,"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Central Europe, 1500–2007 AD, Documentary evidence, PAGES Euro-Med 2k Version","studyNotes":"In this study, we utilize temperature index series that were constructed exclusively from descriptive documentary evidence and have therefore not been ‘biased’ with indices constructed from non-systematic early instrumental measurements or from other proxies. Furthermore we prefer to use monthly indices that were constructed\r\n                      year by year using the seven-degree scale. Temperature index series for the following countries and periods were used: DE (1500-1760), CZ (1500-1854), CH (1501-1816),\r\n                      PL (1501-1700) and CB (1516-1870). The LC index data, because of their different definition, are not considered in this section but are used in Section 6 for cross-comparison.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"1002807"}