{"NOAAStudyId":"13138","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-07-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-13138.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":332,"earliestYearCE":1618,"entryId":"noaa-historical-13138","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008-36"}],"investigators":"Kiss, A.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Bariska, I.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13138","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The reconstructed series concerning the period of 1618-1873, \r\nbased on five vine- and grain-related historical phenological \r\nseries, is derived from documentary evidence, from the town \r\nof Koszeg in West-Hungary. We apply dendrochronological methods \r\nfor both signal assessment of the phenological series and the \r\nresultant temperature reconstruction. As a proof of concept, \r\nthe present reconstruction explains 57% of the temperature \r\nvariance of May-July Budapest mean temperatures (calibration \r\nperiod: 1780-1873) and is well verified with coefficient \r\nof efficiency values in excess of 0.45. The developed \r\ntemperature reconstruction portrays warm conditions during \r\nthe late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries with \r\na period of cooling until the coldest reconstructed period \r\ncentred around 1815, which was followed by a period of warming \r\nuntil the 1860s. The phenological evidence analysed here \r\nrepresent an important data source from which non-biased \r\nestimates of past climate can be derived that may provide \r\ninformation at all possible time-scales. Comparison with \r\nother Central and West-European vine- and grain-phenology \r\nbased temperature reconstructions proved strong coherence \r\nbetween the series.","author":null,"citation":"Kiss, A., R. Wilson, and I. Bariska. 2011. \r\nAn experimental 392-year documentary-based multi proxy (vine and grain) \r\nreconstruction of May-July temperatures for Koszeg, West-Hungary. \r\nInternational Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 595-611. \r\nDOI 10.1007/s00484-010-0367-4 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00484-010-0367-4","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-010-0367-4"},"issue":null,"journal":"International Journal of Biometeorology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"An experimental 392-year documentary-based multi proxy (vine and grain)  reconstruction of May-July temperatures for Koszeg, West-Hungary","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Little Ice Age (LIA)","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53213","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["47.3833","16.5333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"16.5333","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"47.3833","southernmostLatitude":"47.3833","westernmostLongitude":"16.5333"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Eastern Europe>Hungary","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22615","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document","earth science>paleoclimate>historical>crop harvests","earth science>paleoclimate>historical>phenology"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.txt","linkText":"koszeg2011temperature.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>May-Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"day after July 1; announcing the appearance of ripened grapes; election date of vine shepherds (guarding vineyards)","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"day after September 1; starting date of common grapevine harvest","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event>grape harvest date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"day after July 1; starting date of collecting church tax - cereals","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"day after October 1; starting date of collecting church tax - wine","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"5-scale indexing of descriptive annual wine quality information (1=very bad, 2=bad, 0=average, mediocre, 1=good, 2=very good, excellent) \"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>May-Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>phenology","earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document","earth science>paleoclimate>historical>crop harvests"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.xls","linkText":"koszeg2011temperature.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Koszeg2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1618,"earliestYearBP":332,"earliestYearCE":1618,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Koszeg"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Koszeg, Hungary 392Yr Documentary May-July Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"The reconstruction of May-July temperatures for Koszeg, Hungary, \nis based on documentary evidence of vine and cereal cultivation \nand taxation processes. Town council meeting protocols, tithe \n(church) tax accounts and the Book of Vinesprouts provide regular \ninformation every year on the beginning and end (harvest) of \ngrapevine ripening and the harvest date-connected starting dates \nof tax collections, both concerning wine and cereals (mainly wheat, \npartly rye). Annual wine quality information was also included \nin the form of indices (5-scale). Since all data, included in \nthe reconstruction, refers to a period well after introducing \nthe Gregorian Calendar in the area, no dating-adjustment \nor transformation was needed. As the five phenological series \nare on different scales (dates vs. indices), they were first \nstandardized to z-scores (zero mean and unit standard deviation) \nrelative to the 1780-1847 most replicated period. These transformed \nseries were then averaged together. Unlike the raw phenological \nseries, the composite record is normally distributed, and could \nbe used as a predictor variable for ordinary least square \nregression-based calibration. \n\nLocation: Koszeg, Hungary: 47°23'N, 16°32'E. \n \n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11180"}