{"NOAAStudyId":"20105","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-05-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-20105.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":455,"earliestYearCE":1495,"entryId":"noaa-historical-20105","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1002479, 0538420"}],"investigators":"Trouet, V.; Harley, G.L.; Domínguez-Delmás, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20105","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Assessing the impact of future climate change on North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is of crucial societal importance, but the limited quantity and quality of observational records interferes with the skill of future TC projections. In particular, North Atlantic TC response to radiative forcing is poorly understood and creates the dominant source of uncertainty for twenty-first-century projections. Here, we study TC variability in the Caribbean during the Maunder Minimum (MM; 1645-1715 CE), a period defined by the most severe reduction in solar irradiance in documented history (1610–present). For this purpose, we combine a documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks in the Caribbean (1495-1825 CE) with a tree-growth suppression chronology from the Florida Keys (1707-2009 CE). We find a 75% reduction in decadal-scale Caribbean TC activity during the MM, which suggests modulation of the influence of reduced solar irradiance by the cumulative effect of cool North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, El Niño-like conditions, and a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our results emphasize the need to enhance our understanding of the response of these oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns to radiative forcing and climate change to improve the skill of future TC projections. ","author":{"name":"Valerie Trouet, Grant L. Harley, Marta Domínguez-Delmás"},"citation":"Valerie Trouet, Grant L. Harley, Marta Domínguez-Delmás. 2016. Shipwreck rates reveal Caribbean tropical cyclone response to past radiative forcing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(12), 3169-3174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1519566113","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.1519566113","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519566113"},"issue":"12","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":"3169-3174","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Shipwreck rates reveal Caribbean tropical cyclone response to past radiative forcing","type":"publication","volume":"113"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56792","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["15","25","-85","-60"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-60","maxElevationMeters":"2","minElevationMeters":"2","northernmostLatitude":"25","southernmostLatitude":"15","westernmostLongitude":"-85"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30769","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/caribbean/trouet2016ship.txt","linkText":"Caribbean Spanish Shipwreck Data","urlDescription":"Data Files","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Spanish shipwreck events that occurred in the Caribbean","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"earth system variable>societal event"}]}],"dataTableName":"Trouet2016ship","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1495,"earliestYearBP":455,"earliestYearCE":1495,"mostRecentYear":1825,"mostRecentYearBP":125,"mostRecentYearCE":1825,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Caribbean Sea"},{"NOAASiteId":"56793","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["24.714","-81.385"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-81.385","maxElevationMeters":"2","minElevationMeters":"2","northernmostLatitude":"24.714","southernmostLatitude":"24.714","westernmostLongitude":"-81.385"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Florida","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30768","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/caribbean/trouet2016supp.txt","linkText":"Big Pine Key Tree Growth Suppression Data","urlDescription":"Data Files","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"raw ring width at least 25% below the 10-y running mean of all growth rings","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"Trouet2016supp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1707,"earliestYearBP":243,"earliestYearCE":1707,"mostRecentYear":2010,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Big Pine Key"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Caribbean 500 Year Shipwreck Frequency and Tree Growth Suppression Data","studyNotes":"Documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks (1495-1825 CE) in the Caribbean, plus Florida Keys tree growth suppression data (1707-2009 CE), interpreted as tropical cyclone proxies. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17919"}