{"NOAAStudyId":"22834","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-22834.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-historical-22834","funding":[],"investigators":"Tarand, A.; Nordli, P.Ø.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22834","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In order to extend the Tallinn temperature series backward in time, three different climate proxies were used. These were: the first day of ice break-up in Tallinn port, a proxy for the mean winter air temperature (December to March); the first day of ice break-up on the rivers in northern Estonia, a proxy for the beginning of spring; and, the first day of the rye harvest, a proxy for the mean air temperature in spring and summer (April to July). On the basis of these proxies the mean winter temperature could be extended back to the year AD 1500, and the spring and summer temperature back to 1731. The series of winter temperatures was analysed for long-term trends and variations on different timescales. The most striking feature is the warming of the winters from about the mid nineteenth century to the present. The warming is especially noticeable over the latest decades. The climate from the start of the series (AD 1500) to the mid nineteenth century was in general somewhat colder, and should be recognised as a part of the Little Ice Age, though the period was intercepted by warmer winters in the first half of the eighteenth century.","author":{"name":"Tarand, A.;Nordli, P.Ø."},"citation":"Tarand, A.;Nordli, P.Ø. 2001. The Tallinn temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy data. Climatic Change, 48(1), 189-199. doi: 10.1023/A:1005673628980","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1023/A:1005673628980","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005673628980"},"issue":"1","journal":"Climatic Change","pages":"189-199","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2001,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The Tallinn temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy data","type":"publication","volume":"48"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57497","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["59.4","24.75"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"24.75","maxElevationMeters":"10","minElevationMeters":"10","northernmostLatitude":"59.4","southernmostLatitude":"59.4","westernmostLongitude":"24.75"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Estonia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35055","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":[],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.txt","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Contribution","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":[],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.lpd","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Contribution","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":[],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/estonia/tallinn-estonia-last-500-years-temp.txt","linkText":"Tallinn Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on ice break-up and rye harvest dates; ice break-up: 1 deg C; max. 3 deg C; rye harvest: 0.4-06. deg C","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>winter","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice break-up:  difference is only 1.3 days with a standard deviation of 8.5 days","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>ice break-up date"}]}],"dataTableName":"tallinn-estonia-500-years-temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Tallinn"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"The Tallinn, Estonia temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy data","studyNotes":"In order to extend the Tallinn temperature series backward in time three different climate proxies were used. These were: the first day of ice break-up in Tallinn port a proxy for the mean winter air temperature (December to March); the first day of ice break-up on the rivers in northern Estonia a proxy for the beginning of spring; and the first day of the rye harvest a proxy for the mean air temperature in spring and summer (April to July). On the basis of these proxies the mean winter temperature could be extended back to the year AD 1500 and the spring and summer temperature back to 1731.;The temperature reconstruction is preferred from this site.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20996"}