{"NOAAStudyId":"5411","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1992-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-5411.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":425,"earliestYearCE":1525,"entryId":"noaa-historical-5411","funding":[],"investigators":"Pfister, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5411","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Pfister, C. 1992. The creation of high resolution spatio- temporal reconstructions of past climate from direct meteorological observations and proxy data. Methodological considerations and results. Climate in Europe 1675-1715 In: Frenzel, B., Pfister C., Glaeser, B. (eds).","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Climate in Europe 1675-1715","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":null,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The creation of high resolution spatio- temporal reconstructions of past climate from direct meteorological observations and proxy data. Methodological considerations and results","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6526","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46","8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"46","southernmostLatitude":"46","westernmostLongitude":"8"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7137","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/switzerland/","linkText":"Data Folder","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>document"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/switzerland/clinddef.txt","linkText":"clinddef.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jan","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>May","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jun","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Oct","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>winter","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>spring","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very cold -2:cold -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:warm 3:very warm","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>fall","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jan","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>May","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jun","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Oct","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>winter","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>spring","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"graduated index with -3:very dry -2:dry -1:below average 0:average 1:above average 2:wet 3:very wet","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>fall","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"}]}],"dataTableName":"CLIMHIST-CH","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1525,"earliestYearBP":425,"earliestYearCE":1525,"mostRecentYear":1989,"mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Switzerland"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Historical Weather Indices from Switzerland","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7313"}