{"NOAAStudyId":"5413","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2001-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-5413.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":359,"earliestYearCE":1591,"entryId":"noaa-historical-5413","funding":[],"investigators":"Garcia, R.R; Diaz, H.F.; García Herrera, R.; Eischeid, J.; del Rosario Prieto, M.; Hernández, E.; Gimeno, L.; Durán, F.R.; Bascary, A.M.","mostRecentYearBP":200,"mostRecentYearCE":1750,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5413","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Historical accounts of the voyages of the Manila galleons derived from the Archivo General de Indias (General Archive of the Indies, Seville, Spain) are used to infer past changes in the atmospheric circulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean. It is shown that the length of the voyage between Acapulco, Mexico, and the Philippine Islands during the period 1590-1750 exhibits large secular trends, such that voyages in the middle of the seventeenth century are some 40% longer than those at the beginning or at the end of the century, and that these trends are unlikely to have been caused by societal or technological factors. Analysis of a series of \"\"virtual voyages,\"\" constructed from modern wind data, indicates that sailing time to the Philippines depended critically on the strength of the trade winds and the position of the western Pacific monsoon trough. These results suggest that the atmospheric circulation of the western Pacific underwent large, multidecadal fluctuations during the seventeenth century.","author":null,"citation":"Garcia, R.R; Diaz, H.F.; García Herrera, R.; Eischeid, J.; del Rosario Prieto, M.; Hernández, E.; Gimeno, L.;Durán, F.R.; Bascary, A.M. 2001. Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Tropical Pacific Inferred from the Voyages of the Manila Galleons in the Sixteenth - Eighteenth Centuries. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82(11), 2435.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2001,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Tropical Pacific Inferred from the Voyages of the Manila Galleons in the Sixteenth - Eighteenth Centuries","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6540","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["16.85","-99.916"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-99.916","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"16.85","southernmostLatitude":"16.85","westernmostLongitude":"-99.916"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7145","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>ship 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