{"NOAAStudyId":"6099","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-02-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"HISTORICAL","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/historical","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-historical-6099.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":470,"earliestYearCE":1480,"entryId":"noaa-historical-6099","funding":[],"investigators":"Meier, N.; Rutishauser, T.; Pfister, C.; Wanner, H.; Luterbacher, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6099","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present an annually resolved record of grape harvest dates for Switzerland. The strong negative relationship between grape harvest dates and April-August temperatures allowed a new reconstruction, with associated uncertainties, to be derived back to 1480.  Calibration (1928-1979) was performed with monthly data from the Basel and Geneva stations and verified over 1980-2006. Twelve days of grape harvest difference correspond to around 1ēC April-August temperature difference.  Periods cooler (late grape harvest dates) than the 1961-1990 mean are reconstructed during the 17th century and at the beginning of the 19th century.  Warmer conditions were experienced in the early 18th century and during the recent decades, in agreement with grape harvest temperature reconstructions from France and other independent temperature estimates. On decadal (annual) time-scales the earliest harvests were in the 1580s (2003) and the latest vintages in the 1740s (1816). Large tropical volcanic eruptions led to significantly later grape harvest dates (cooling) one to two years after the event.","author":null,"citation":"Meier, N.,Rutishauser, T.,Pfister, C.,Wanner, H.,Luterbacher, J. 2007. Grape harvest dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August temperature reconstructions back to AD 1480. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L20705","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Grape harvest dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August temperature reconstructions back to AD 1480","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20557","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.75","47.5","6.75","8.75"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8.75","maxElevationMeters":"550","minElevationMeters":"550","northernmostLatitude":"47.5","southernmostLatitude":"46.75","westernmostLongitude":"6.75"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9407","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>historical>crop harvests"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/switzerland/meier2007grape.txt","linkText":"Harvest Dates and Spring/Summer Temp. Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1961-1990","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"5-month period>Apr-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"Median time series of Swiss grape harvest dates, number of days after January 1\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event>grape harvest date"}]}],"dataTableName":"Swiss Plateau grape harvest locations","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1480,"earliestYearBP":470,"earliestYearCE":1480,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Swiss Plateau"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Meier et al. 2007 Swiss Grape Harvest Dates and Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7312"}