{"NOAAStudyId":"11822","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-07-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-11822.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":300,"earliestYearCE":1650,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-11822","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM 0139491"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA05OAR4311109"},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Science Foundation of China","fundingGrant":"90411003 and 40401054"},{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":"KZCX3-SW-339/344"}],"investigators":"Kaspari, S.; Mayewski, P.A.; Handley, M.; Osterberg, E.; Kang, S.; Sneed, S.; Hou, S.; Qin, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11822","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High-resolution major and trace elements (Sr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, \r\nNd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Bi, U, Tl, Al, S, Ca, Ti, \r\nV, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) quantified in a Mount Everest ice core \r\n(6518 m above sea level) spanning the period 1650-2002 AD provides \r\nthe first Asian record of trace element concentrations from the \r\npre-industrial era, and the first continuous high-resolution Asian \r\nrecord from which natural baseline concentrations and subsequent \r\nchanges due to anthropogenic activities can be examined.  Modern \r\nconcentrations of most elements remain within the pre-industrial \r\nrange; however, Bi, U, and Cs concentrations and their enrichment \r\nfactors (EF) have increased since the ~1950s, and S and Ca \r\nconcentrations and their EFs have increased since the late 1980s. \r\nA comparison of the Bi, U, Cs, S, and Ca data with other ice core \r\nrecords and production data indicates that the increase in \r\natmospheric concentrations of trace elements is widespread, \r\nbut that enrichment varies regionally. Likely sources for \r\nthe recent enrichment of these elements include mining, metal \r\nsmelting, oil and coal combustion, and end uses for Bi, \r\nand mining and refinement for U and Cs. The source of the \r\nsynchronous enrichment of Ca and S is less certain, but may \r\nbe related to land use and environmental change. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Kaspari, S., P.A. Mayewski, M. Handley, E. Osterberg, S. Kang, \r\nS. Sneed, S. Hou, and D. Qin. 2009. \r\nRecent increases in atmospheric concentrations of Bi, U, Cs, S \r\nand Ca from a 350-year Mount Everest ice core record. \r\nJ. Geophys. Res., 114, D04302, doi:10.1029/2008JD011088. \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2008JD011088","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011088"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Recent increases in atmospheric concentrations of Bi, U, Cs, S  and Ca from a 350-year Mount Everest ice core record","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20004","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["27.98","86.92"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"86.92","maxElevationMeters":"6500","minElevationMeters":"6500","northernmostLatitude":"27.98","southernmostLatitude":"27.98","westernmostLongitude":"86.92"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Nepal","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20098","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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Everest East Rongbuk \nGlacier col ice core. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9941"}