{"NOAAStudyId":"12949","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-05-27","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-12949.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":957,"earliestYearCE":993,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-12949","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Korea Polar Research Institution (KOPRI)","fundingGrant":"PE 11090"},{"fundingAgency":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","fundingGrant":"2011-0025242"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OPP-0739766, OPP 0538427, OPP 0739780"}],"investigators":"Ahn, J.; Brook, E.J.; Mitchell, L.E.; Rosen, J.; McConnell, J.R.; Taylor, K.C.; Etheridge, D.M.; Rubino, D.L.","mostRecentYearBP":11,"mostRecentYearCE":1939,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12949","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We report a decadally resolved record of atmospheric CO2 concentration \r\nfor the last 1000 years, obtained from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet \r\n(WAIS) Divide shallow ice core. The most prominent feature of the \r\npre-industrial period is a rapid \u00017 ppm decrease of CO2 in a span \r\nof ~20-50 years at ~1600 A.D. This observation confirms the timing \r\nof an abrupt atmospheric CO2 decrease of ~10 ppm observed for that \r\ntime period in the Law Dome ice core CO2 records, but the true \r\nmagnitude of the decrease remains unclear. Atmospheric CO2 variations \r\nover the time period 1000-1800 A.D. are statistically correlated with \r\nnorthern hemispheric climate and tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface \r\ntemperature. However, the exact relationship between CO2 and climate \r\nremains elusive due to regional climate variations and/or uneven \r\ngeographical data density of paleoclimate records. We observe small \r\ndifferences of 0 ~ 2% (0 ~ 6 ppm) among the high-precision CO2 records \r\nfrom the Law Dome, EPICA Dronning Maud Land and WAIS Divide Antarctic \r\nice cores. However, those records share common trends of CO2 change \r\non centennial to multicentennial time scales, and clearly show \r\nthat atmospheric CO2 has been increasing above preindustrial \r\nlevels since ~1850 A.D. ","author":null,"citation":"Ahn, J., E.J. Brook, L. Mitchell, J. Rosen, J.R. McConnell, \r\nK. Taylor, D. Etheridge, and M. Rubino. 2012. \r\nAtmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high-resolution \r\nrecord from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core. \r\nGlobal Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, 2, GB2027, doi:10.1029/2011GB004247","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011GB004247","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004247"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high-resolution  record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core. ","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22909","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-79.47","-112.13"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-112.13","maxElevationMeters":"1759","minElevationMeters":"1759","northernmostLatitude":"-79.47","southernmostLatitude":"-79.47","westernmostLongitude":"-112.13"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22418","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wais2012co2.txt","linkText":"wais2012co2.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Corrections for gas solubility and blank and gravitational enrichment for the Oregon State University data","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"correction: gravitational fractionation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wais2012co2.xls","linkText":"wais2012co2.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"WDC05A2012CO2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":993,"earliestYearBP":957,"earliestYearCE":993,"mostRecentYear":1939,"mostRecentYearBP":11,"mostRecentYearCE":1939,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"WAIS Divide WDC05A"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Ice Core WDC-05A 1000 Year CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Atmospheric CO2 data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide \nshallow core WDC05A.  We measured samples from 109 depth intervals \nof the WDC05A core. Each depth interval was usually less than 10 cm \nand 3 ~ 6 replicates (4 on average) were analyzed for each depth interval. \nThe average standard deviation of replicates from the same depth interval \nwas 1.6 ppm.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10991"}