{"NOAAStudyId":"14174","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-04-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-14174.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1750,"earliestYearCE":200,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-14174","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0318430"}],"investigators":"Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.E.; Zagorodnov, V.S.; Howat, I.M.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Lin, P-N.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14174","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 masl) in Peru which extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (d18O) are linked to sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, while concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin: Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate it has not been smaller for at least six millennia. ","author":{"name":"Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, V.S. Zagorodnov, I.M. Howat, V.N. Mikhalenko, and P.-N. Lin."},"citation":"Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, V.S. Zagorodnov, I.M. Howat, V.N. Mikhalenko, and P.-N. Lin. 2013. Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability Over the Past ~1800 Years. Science, 340(6135), 945-950. doi: 10.1126/science.1234210","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1234210","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1234210"},"issue":"6135","journal":"Science","pages":"945-950","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability Over the Past ~1800 Years","type":"publication","volume":"340"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19993","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-13.93","-70.83"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-70.83","maxElevationMeters":"5670","minElevationMeters":"5670","northernmostLatitude":"-13.93","southernmostLatitude":"-13.93","westernmostLongitude":"-70.83"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24073","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen 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compound>ammonium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"decadal average","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>potassium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"decadal average","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>magnesium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Quelccaya2013SDdec","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":230,"earliestYearBP":1720,"earliestYearCE":230,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24075","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/quelccaya/quelccaya2013huas.txt","linkText":"quelccaya2013huas.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 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CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"decadal average","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"decadal average; m water equivalent/year","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"Quelccaya2013NDdec","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":1999,"mostRecentYearBP":-49,"mostRecentYearCE":1999,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Quelccaya Ice Cap"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru 1800 Year Oxygen Isotope, Dust, and Major Ions Data","studyNotes":"Oxygen Isotope, dust and major ions data from ice cores collected on the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. \nData are at annual or decadal resolution for the past 1800 years. These new records are based on freshly cut ice samples; \nprevious Quelccaya data were measured on bottled water samples. \nIncluded are Annual averages of d18O, net balance (accumulation), dust concentrations, and major ion concentrations \nfor the Quelccaya Summit Dome (QSD) core from thermal year 226/227 to 2009/2010 CE; \nDecadal averages of d18O and net balance (accumulation) for the Quelccaya North Dome (QND) core \nfrom thermal year 1000/1001 to 1999/2000 CE; Decadal averages of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) \nin the NINO4 region from thermal year 230 to 2009/2010, reconstructed from the relationship between NINO4 SST \n and QSD d18O as shown in Fig S5 in the Supplementary Materials, Thompson et al. 2013; Annual layer thicknesses \nin Quelccaya Summit Dome core from thermal year 1000/1001 to 1899/1900 CE. These are not corrected for density or thinning.\nAnnual layer thicknesses were determined by seasonal variations in dust and d18O, measured from high dust concentration \nand high d18O in successive dry seasons (austral winter).  Also included are Huascaran d18O and NO3- data: \nd18O and nitrate from Huascaran 1993 Core 2. Decadal averages from thermal year 830/831 to 1991/1992, \nquasi-decadal averages from thermal year 200/201 to 829/830 CE. Huascaran decadal d18O data are from \nThompson et al. (2006) PNAS, vol 103, 10,536-10,543.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12174"}