{"NOAAStudyId":"14201","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-04-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-14201.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-14201","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Abram, N.J.; Mulvaney, R.; Wolff, E.W.; Triest, J.; Kipfstuhl, S.; Trusel, L.D.; Vimeux, F.; Fleet, L.; Arrowsmith, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14201","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Over the past 50 years, warming of the Antarctic Peninsula has been accompanied by accelerating glacier mass loss and the retreat and collapse of ice shelves. A key driver of ice loss is summer melting; however, it is not usually possible to specifically reconstruct the summer conditions that are critical for determining ice melt in Antarctic. Here we reconstruct changes in ice-melt intensity and mean temperature on the northern Antarctic Peninsula since AD 1000 based on the identification of visible melt layers in the James Ross Island ice core and local mean annual temperature estimates from the deuterium content of the ice. During the past millennium, the coolest conditions and lowest melt occurred from about AD 1410 to 1460, when mean temperature was 1.6C lower than that of 1981-2000. Since the late 1400s, there has been a nearly tenfold increase in melt intensity from 0.5 to 4.9%. The warming has occurred in progressive phases since about AD 1460, but intensification of melt is nonlinear, and has largely occurred since the mid-twentieth century. Summer melting is now at a level that is unprecedented over the past 1,000 years. We conclude that ice on the Antarctic Peninsula is now particularly susceptible to rapid increases in melting and loss in response to relatively small increases in mean temperature.","author":null,"citation":"Nerilie J. Abram, Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Jack Triest, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Luke D. Trusel, Francoise Vimeux, Louise Fleet, and Carol Arrowsmith. 2013. \r\nAcceleration of snowmelt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the 20th century. \r\nNature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1787","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo1787","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1787"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Acceleration of snowmelt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the 20th century","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54569","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-64.2017","-57.685"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-57.685","maxElevationMeters":"1542","minElevationMeters":"1542","northernmostLatitude":"-64.2017","southernmostLatitude":"-64.2017","westernmostLongitude":"-57.685"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24151","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>hydrogen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/james-ross-island/james-ross-island2013.txt","linkText":"james-ross-island2013.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"}]}],"dataTableName":"07JRI2013dDmelt","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24152","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>hydrogen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/james-ross-island/james-ross-island2013dd.txt","linkText":"james-ross-island2013dd.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"}]}],"dataTableName":"07JRI2013dD","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24153","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/james-ross-island/james-ross-island2013melt.txt","linkText":"james-ross-island2013melt.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"formation property>melt"}]}],"dataTableName":"07JRI2013melt","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"James Ross Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"James Ross Island Ice Core 1000 Year Deuterium and Melt Data","studyNotes":"Deutrium (dD) and annual melt percentage and melt width data from the James Ross Island ice core, Antarctic Peninsula, for the last 1000 years. \nAnnual averages are winter centred for isotopes, and summer centred for melt. Ages are given for the mid-year point. E.g. melt values assigned \nto 2006 are an average taken from ~July 2005 to ~June 2006. Data are given as annual averages from the top of the core back to 1807 AD. \nAge control back to 1807 is annually-defined based on annual cycles of nss-SO4. Beyond 1807 the age control is derived from the JRI-1 \nage scale (Mulvaney et al 2012, Nature), and data are given only as 11-year moving averages owing to the greater annual age uncertainty \nin this portion of the record.\n\nDeuterium isotope data can be converted to temperature at this site using a temperature dependence of 6.4 per degC-1 (Abram et al.,2011, JGR)\nSee also the Supplementary information provided in Mulvaney et al 2012, Nature, for the full Holocene deuterium isotope data for the JRI ice core \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12196"}