{"NOAAStudyId":"17816","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1997-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17816.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":110345,"earliestYearCE":-108395,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17816","funding":[],"investigators":"Zielinski, G.A.; Mershon, G.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-35,"mostRecentYearCE":1985,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17816","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Oscillations in the time series of insoluble microparticle characteristics between 0.7 and 11.0 um in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core reflect changes in environmental conditions in the Northern Hemisphere from 10 500 to 14 000 yr ago. Elevated values in microparticle number and mass, especially during the Younger Dryas, are related to Northern Hemisphere aridity and the subsequent increase in dust available for long-range transport to Greenland. This scenario occurs with the colder climatic conditions that result from a more expanded (spatially and temporally) polar vortex. Peaks in mean grain size based on number (mean number diameter) are a proxy for increased strength in zonal winds (westerlies). Highs in mean number diameter in the earlier part of the record often coincide with number and mass peaks reflecting the increased temperature and pressure gradients with an expanded polar vortex. Highs in mean grain size based on mass (mean mass diameter) reflect greater deposition of the coarser size fraction, and thus are a proxy for increased storminess associated with better developed synoptic-scale pressure systems in the northernmost Atlantic region. Peaks in mean mass diameter often lead these other parameters by 100-200 yr, suggesting an increase in storminess with the initial southward migration of the mean position of the polar front prior to full development of a more expanded polar vortex. The general decline in number and mass trends (decreased aridity with a contracting polar vortex) together with increasing mean number diameter trends (strengthening zonal winds) following the maxima in the early Younger Dryas suggest an expansion of mid-latitude circulation systems (subtropical highs), thereby maintaining latitudinal temperature and pressure gradients. Increased variability in mean mass diameter during the warm Preboreal, compared to the colder Younger Dryas, may be a function of the greater seasonality during warmer climatic periods, and thus more frequent storms associated with higher frequency oscillations in the position of the polar front with changing seasons and increased interannual variability in climate. ","author":{"name":"Gregory A. Zielinski and Grant R. Mershon\r\n"},"citation":"Gregory A. Zielinski and Grant R. Mershon\r\n. 1997. Paleoenvironmental implications of the insoluble microparticle record in the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core during the rapidly changing climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition . Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109(5), 547-559. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0547:PIOTIM>2.3.CO;2 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0547:PIOTIM>2.3.CO;2 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0547:PIOTIM>2.3.CO;2 "},"issue":"5","journal":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","pages":"547-559","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleoenvironmental implications of the insoluble microparticle record in the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core during the rapidly changing climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition ","type":"publication","volume":"109"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19978","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.6","-38.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-38.5","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"72.6","southernmostLatitude":"72.6","westernmostLongitude":"-38.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28135","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/dust/particd.txt","linkText":"GISP2 Insoluble Microparticles","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"0.65 - 11 micrometers","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"electric sensing particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per milliliter","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>particles"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>particles","cvMethod":"electric sensing particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size parameter>grain size mean"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>particles","cvMethod":"electric sensing particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size parameter>grain size beta"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/chem/volcano.txt","linkText":"GISP2 Volcanic Markers","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"volcanic","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"GISP21997volc","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":110345,"earliestYearBP":110345,"earliestYearCE":-108395,"mostRecentYear":-35,"mostRecentYearBP":-35,"mostRecentYearCE":1985,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GISP2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GISP2 Ice Core 110KYr Volcanic Markers and Insoluble Microparticles","studyNotes":"Volcanic sulfate record in the GISP2 core on the Meese/Sowers timescale.  Each sample is approximately bi-annual for the last ~12,000 years with a consistent increase in the time covered by each sample to around 50 years/sample at 110,000 years ago.  Insoluble microparticle concentrations data also included for the past 3000 years. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15499"}