{"NOAAStudyId":"17818","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17818.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":110932,"earliestYearCE":-108982,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17818","funding":[],"investigators":"Taylor, K.C.; Alley, R.B.; Lamorey, G.W.; Mayewski, P.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-33,"mostRecentYearCE":1983,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17818","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) record is an indication of the concentration of H + in the core. The ECM detected seasonal variations in the nitrate concentration of the core which were used to assist in dating the core by annual layer counting. Volcanic eruptions that produce acidic aerosols are recorded in the ECM record. Evidence of biomass burning is detected by the ECM because fire-related ammonium emissions neutralize the acids in the core. Rapid climate transitions associated with the Younger Dryas and Dansgaard/Oeschger interstadial events alter the concentration of alkaline dust and are detected by the ECM. The ECM has been used to develop stratigraphic ties between the GISP2 and the Greenland Ice Core Project cores. Users of the data should be aware of some instrument-related artifacts in the ECM record.","author":{"name":"Kendrick C. Taylor, Richard B. Alley, Gregg W. Lamorey, Paul Mayewski"},"citation":"Kendrick C. Taylor, Richard B. Alley, Gregg W. Lamorey, Paul Mayewski. 1997. Electrical measurements on the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26511-26517. doi: 10.1029/96JC02500","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/96JC02500","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JC02500"},"issue":"C12","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":"26511-26517","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Electrical measurements on the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Core","type":"publication","volume":"102"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19978","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.6","-38.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-38.5","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"72.6","southernmostLatitude":"72.6","westernmostLongitude":"-38.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28137","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/ecm/","linkText":"GISP2 ECM Continuous (1mm) Data Files","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/ecm/ecmage.txt","linkText":"GISP2 ECM 0.5 meter averages","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microampere","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/ecm/ecminfo.txt","linkText":"GISP2 ECM Data Description","urlDescription":"Information File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GISP21997ECM","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":110932,"earliestYearBP":110932,"earliestYearCE":-108982,"mostRecentYear":-33,"mostRecentYearBP":-33,"mostRecentYearCE":1983,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GISP2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GISP2 Ice Core 110KYr Electrical Conductivity Measurements","studyNotes":"GISP2 Electrical Conductivity Measurements (ECM), 1mm raw measurements and 0.5 meter averages with age. 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