{"NOAAStudyId":"17821","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1997-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17821.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":110000,"earliestYearCE":-108050,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17821","funding":[],"investigators":"Alley, R.B.; Gow, A.J.; Meese, D.A.; Fitzpatrick, J.J.; Waddington, E.D.; Bolzan, J.F.","mostRecentYearBP":36000,"mostRecentYearCE":-34050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17821","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Flow disturbances have been shown to alter stratigraphic order in the lower part of the ice sheet in central Greenland. Vertical thin sections of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core show that in the lower 30%, the expected c axis-vertical fabric is interrupted by planes of grains (\"stripes\") with c axes oriented approximately in the dip directions of the planes. Stripe-parallel shear produces small-scale folds. The stripes can be explained qualitatively by a simple nucleation-and-growth model based on the strong anisotropy of ice-crystal deformation. Nucleation probably is sensitive to spatially variable rates of polygonization, producing spatially variable stripe densities. Stripes are modeled to affect the ice viscosity, so variations in stripe density may contribute to viscosity contrasts that might produce larger deformational features and loss of stratigraphic order.","author":{"name":"R. B. Alley, A. J. Gow, D. A. Meese, J. J. Fitzpatrick, E. D. Waddington, J. F. Bolzan"},"citation":"R. B. Alley, A. J. Gow, D. A. Meese, J. J. Fitzpatrick, E. D. Waddington, J. F. Bolzan. 1997. Grain-scale processes, folding, and stratigraphic disturbance in the GISP2 ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26819-26830. doi: 10.1029/96JC03836","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/96JC03836","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JC03836"},"issue":"C12","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":"26819-26830","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Grain-scale processes, folding, and stratigraphic disturbance in the GISP2 ice core","type":"publication","volume":"102"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19978","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.6","-38.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-38.5","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"72.6","southernmostLatitude":"72.6","westernmostLongitude":"-38.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28140","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/physical/thinsec.txt","linkText":"GISP2 Thin Sections","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice crystal azimuth","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree","cvWhat":"physical property>angle>azimuth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice crystal inclination","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree","cvWhat":"physical property>angle>inclination"}]}],"dataTableName":"GISP21997thinsec","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":110000,"earliestYearBP":110000,"earliestYearCE":-108050,"mostRecentYear":36000,"mostRecentYearBP":36000,"mostRecentYearCE":-34050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GISP2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GISP2 Ice Core Thin Sections","studyNotes":"Vertical thin sections from the GISP2 core were examined on the Rigsby\nstage for c-axis orientation.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15510"}