{"NOAAStudyId":"17835","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1997-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17835.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":163164,"earliestYearCE":-161214,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17835","funding":[],"investigators":"Meese, D.A.; Gow, A.J.; Alley, R.B.; Zielinski, G.A.; Grootes, P.M.; Ram, M.; Taylor, K.C.; Mayewski, P.A.; Bolzan, J.F.","mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17835","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) depth-age scale is presented based on a multiparameter continuous count approach, to a depth of 2800 m, using a systematic combination of parameters that have never been used to this extent before. The ice at 2800 m is dated at 110,000 years B.P. with an estimated error ranging from 1 to 10% in the top 2500 m of the core and averaging 20% between 2500 and 2800 m. Parameters used to date the core include visual stratigraphy, oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice, electrical conductivity measurements, laser-light scattering from dust, volcanic signals, and major ion chemistry. GISP2 ages for major climatic events agree with independent ages based on varve chronologies, calibrated radiocarbon dates, and other techniques within the combined uncertainties. Good agreement also is obtained with Greenland Ice Core Project ice core dates and with the SPECMAP marine timescale after correlation through the d18O of O2. Although the core is deformed below 2800 m and the continuity of the record is unclear, we attempted to date this section of the core on the basis of the laser-light scattering of dust in the ice.","author":{"name":"D. A. Meese, A. J. Gow, R. B. Alley, G. A. Zielinski, P. M. Grootes, M. Ram, K. C. Taylor, P. A. Mayewski, J. F. Bolzan"},"citation":"D. A. Meese, A. J. Gow, R. B. Alley, G. A. Zielinski, P. M. Grootes, M. Ram, K. C. Taylor, P. A. Mayewski, J. F. Bolzan. 1997. The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale: Methods and results. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26411-26423. doi: 10.1029/97JC00269","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/97JC00269","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JC00269"},"issue":"C12","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":"26411-26423","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale: Methods and results","type":"publication","volume":"102"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19978","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.6","-38.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-38.5","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"72.6","southernmostLatitude":"72.6","westernmostLongitude":"-38.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28154","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/depthage/countage.txt","linkText":"GISP2 Layer Counted Timescale","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/depthage/bcoreage.txt","linkText":"GISP2 B-core Layer Counted Timescale","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual layer thickness","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>layer thickness"}]}],"dataTableName":"GISP21997layertime","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":163164,"earliestYearBP":163164,"earliestYearCE":-161214,"mostRecentYear":-39,"mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GISP2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GISP2 Ice Core 1997 Layer-Counter Timescale","studyNotes":"This is the depth-age scale for the GISP2 D core based on annual layer counting.  This time-scale provides more annual detail than the official GISP2 timescale (the Meese/Sowers timescale). ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15537"}