{"NOAAStudyId":"17878","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1997-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17878.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":41483,"earliestYearCE":-39533,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17878","funding":[],"investigators":"Anklin, M.; Schwander, J.; Stauffer, B.; Tschumi, J.; Fuchs, A.; Barnola, J.M.; Raynaud, D.","mostRecentYearBP":7983,"mostRecentYearCE":-6033,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17878","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"CO2 ice-core records show an increase in the atmospheric concentration of 80-100 parts per million by volume (ppmv) from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene. We present CO2 measurements performed on an ice core from central Greenland, drilled during the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP). This CO2 profile from GRIP confirms the most prominent CO2 increase from the LGM, with a mean concentration of 200 ppmv, to the early Holocene with concentrations between 290 and 310 ppmv. Some structures of the new CO2 record are similar to those previously obtained from the Dye 3 ice core (Greenland), which indicated a dilemma between Greenland and Antarctic CO2 records [Oeschger et al., 1988]. Both Greenland cores show high CO2 values for rather mild climatic periods during the last glaciation, whereas CO2 records from Antarctica do not show such high CO2 variations during the glaciation and, furthermore, the CO2 values in the early Holocene are about 20-30 ppmv higher in the GRIP record than in Antarctic records. There is some evidence that the difference could be due to chemical reactions between impurities in the ice leading to an increase of the CO2 concentration under certain conditions. If in situ processes can change the CO2 concentration in the air bubbles, the question arises about how reliably do CO2 records from ice cores reflect the atmospheric composition at the time of ice formation. The discrepancies between the CO2 profiles from Greenland and Antarctica can be explained by in situ production of excess CO2 due to interactions between carbonate and acidic species. Since the carbonate concentration in Antarctic ice is much lower than in Greenland ice, CO2 records from Antarctica are much less affected by such in situ-produced CO2.","author":{"name":"M. Anklin, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, J. Tschumi, A. Fuchs, J. M. Barnola, D. Raynaud"},"citation":"M. Anklin, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, J. Tschumi, A. Fuchs, J. M. Barnola, D. Raynaud. 1997. CO2 record between 40 and 8 kyr B.P. from the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26539-26545. doi: 10.1029/97JC00182","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/97JC00182","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JC00182"},"issue":"C12","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":"26539-26545","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"CO2 record between 40 and 8 kyr B.P. from the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core","type":"publication","volume":"102"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19973","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.58","-37.63"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-37.63","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"72.58","southernmostLatitude":"72.58","westernmostLongitude":"-37.63"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28180","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/gases/gcco2.txt","linkText":"GRIP Carbon Dioxide","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"gas chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/gases/irlsco2.txt","linkText":"GRIP Carbon Dioxide measured with IRLS","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]}],"dataTableName":"GRIP1997CO2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":41483,"earliestYearBP":41483,"earliestYearCE":-39533,"mostRecentYear":7983,"mostRecentYearBP":7983,"mostRecentYearCE":-6033,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GRIP"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GRIP Ice Core 8-40KYrBP Carbon Dioxide Data","studyNotes":"These measurements of CO2 concentration have been made by gas chromatography on samples of about 40g or 3 cm height.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15592"}