{"NOAAStudyId":"17883","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1997-11-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-17883.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":248763,"earliestYearCE":-246813,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-17883","funding":[],"investigators":"Johnsen, S.J.; Clausen, H.B.; Dansgaard, W.; Gundestrup, N.; Hammer, C.U.; Andersen, U.; Andersen, K.K.; Hvidberg, C.S.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Steffensen, J.P.; Shoji, H.; Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A.E.; White, J.W.C.; Jouzel, J.; Fisher, D.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17883","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Over 70,000 samples from the 3029-m-long Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core drilled on the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (Summit) have been analyzed for d8O. A highly detailed and continuous d8O profile has thus been obtained and is discussed in terms of past temperatures in Greenland. We also discuss a three-core stacked annual d8O profile for the past 917 years. The short-term (<50 years) variability of the annual d8O signal is found to be 1 per mil in the Holocene, and estimates for the coldest parts of the last glacial are 3 per mil or higher. These data also provide insights into possible disturbances of the stratigraphic layering in the core which seems to be sound down to the onset of the Eemian. Spectral analysis of highly detailed sequences of the profile helps determine the smoothing of the d8O signal, which for the Holocene ice is found to be considerably stronger than expected. We suggest this is due to a process involving diffusion of water molecules along crystal boundaries in the recrystallizing ice matrix. Deconvolution techniques were employed for restoring with great confidence the highly attenuated annual d8O signal in the Holocene. We confirm earlier findings of dramatic temperature changes in Greenland during the last glacial cycle. Abrupt and strong climatic shifts are also found within the Eem/Sangamon Interglaciation, which is normally recorded as a period of warm and stable climate in lower latitudes. The stratigraphic continuity of the Eemian layers is consequently discussed in section 3 of this paper in terms of all pertinent data which we are not able to reconcile.","author":{"name":"Sigfus J. Johnsen, Henrik B. Clausen, Willi Dansgaard, Niels S. Gundestrup, Claus U. Hammer, Uffe Andersen, Katrine K. Andersen, Christine S. Hvidberg, Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen, Jorgen P. Steffensen, Hitoshi Shoji, Arny E. Sveinbjornsdottir, Jim White, Jean Jouzel, David Fisher"},"citation":"Sigfus J. Johnsen, Henrik B. Clausen, Willi Dansgaard, Niels S. Gundestrup, Claus U. Hammer, Uffe Andersen, Katrine K. Andersen, Christine S. Hvidberg, Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen, Jorgen P. Steffensen, Hitoshi Shoji, Arny E. Sveinbjornsdottir, Jim White, Jean Jouzel, David Fisher. 1997. The d18O record along the Greenland Ice Core Project deep ice core and the problem of possible Eemian climatic instability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C12), 26397-26410. doi: 10.1029/97JC00167","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/97JC00167","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JC00167"},"issue":"C12","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","pages":"26397-26410","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The d18O record along the Greenland Ice Core Project deep ice core and the problem of possible Eemian climatic instability","type":"publication","volume":"102"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19973","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.58","-37.63"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-37.63","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"72.58","southernmostLatitude":"72.58","westernmostLongitude":"-37.63"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28185","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/depthage/gripage.txt","linkText":"GRIP Depth Age Scale from Flow Modeling","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"}]}],"dataTableName":"GRIP1997age","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":248763,"earliestYearBP":248763,"earliestYearCE":-246813,"mostRecentYear":-39,"mostRecentYearBP":-39,"mostRecentYearCE":1989,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GRIP"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GRIP Depth Age Scale from Flow Modeling","studyNotes":"This file contains the GRIP timescale ss09.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15603"}