{"NOAAStudyId":"18095","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-02-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-18095.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":107667,"earliestYearCE":-105717,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-18095","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OPP-0806414"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"ANR France","fundingGrant":"ANR-07-VULN-09-001, ANR-06-VULN-0011"},{"fundingAgency":"European Research Council","fundingGrant":"Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 Grant 291062"},{"fundingAgency":"European Commission","fundingGrant":"Seventh Framework Programme Grant 243908"}],"investigators":"Chappellaz, J.A.; Stowasser, C.; Blunier, T.; Baslev-Clausen, D.; Brook, E.J.; Dallmayr, R.; Faïn, X.; Lee, J.-E.; Mitchell, L.E.; Pascual, O.; Romanini, D.; Rosen, J.; Schüpbach, S.","mostRecentYearBP":9527,"mostRecentYearCE":-7577,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18095","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Greenland NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) operation in 2010 provided the first opportunity to combine trace-gas measurements by laser spectroscopic instruments and continuous-flow analysis along a freshly drilled ice core in a field-based setting. We present the resulting atmospheric methane (CH4) record covering the time period from 107.7 to 9.5 ka b2k (thousand years before 2000 AD). Companion discrete CH4 measurements are required to transfer the laser spectroscopic data from a relative to an absolute scale. However, even on a relative scale, the high-resolution CH4 data set significantly improves our knowledge of past atmospheric methane concentration changes. New significant sub-millennial-scale features appear during interstadials and stadials, generally associated with similar changes in water isotopic ratios of the ice, a proxy for local temperature. In addition to the midpoint of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) CH4 transitions usually used for cross-dating, sharp definition of the start and end of these events brings precise depth markers (with +/- 20 cm uncertainty) for further cross-dating with other palaeo- or ice core records, e.g. speleothems. The method also provides an estimate of CH4 rates of change. The onsets of D/O events in the methane signal show a more rapid rate of change than their endings. The rate of CH4 increase associated with the onsets of D/O events progressively declines from 1.7 to 0.6 ppbv yr-1 in the course of marine isotope stage 3. The largest observed rate of increase takes place at the onset of D/O event 21 and reaches 2.5 ppbv yr-1.","author":{"name":"J. Chappellaz, C. Stowasser, T. Blunier, D. Baslev-Clausen, E.J. Brook, R. Dallmayr, X. Faïn, J.E. Lee, L.E. Mitchell, O. Pascual, D. Romanini, J. Rosen, and S. Schüpbach"},"citation":"J. Chappellaz, C. Stowasser, T. Blunier, D. Baslev-Clausen, E.J. Brook, R. Dallmayr, X. Faïn, J.E. Lee, L.E. Mitchell, O. Pascual, D. Romanini, J. Rosen, and S. Schüpbach. 2013. High-resolution glacial and deglacial record of atmospheric methane by continuous-flow and laser spectrometer analysis along the NEEM ice core. Climate of the Past, 9(6), 2579-2593. doi: 10.5194/cp-9-2579-2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-9-2579-2013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2579-2013"},"issue":"6","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"2579-2593","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"High-resolution glacial and deglacial record of atmospheric methane by continuous-flow and laser spectrometer analysis along the NEEM ice core","type":"publication","volume":"9"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53299","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["77.45","-51.06"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-51.06","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"77.45","southernmostLatitude":"77.45","westernmostLongitude":"-51.06"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28434","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/neem/neem2013ch4ofceas-mean.txt","linkText":"NEEM CH4 OF-CEAS ~20cm means","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Present is 2000 AD","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/neem/neem2013ch4.zip","linkText":"NEEM CH4 Continuous and 20cm Averages - 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