{"NOAAStudyId":"18636","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-05-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-18636.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":23030,"earliestYearCE":-21080,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-18636","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0739766-ANT, 1043518-ANT, 1043092-ANT, 0839093-ANT, 1142166-ANT"}],"investigators":"Marcott, S.A.; Bauska, T.K.; Buizert, C.; Steig, E.J.; Rosen, J.; Cuffey, K.M.; Fudge, T.J.; Severinghaus, J.; Ahn, J.; Kalk, M.L.; McConnell, J.R.; Sowers, T.; Taylor, K.C.; White, J.W.C.; Brook, E.J.","mostRecentYearBP":8893,"mostRecentYearCE":-6943,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18636","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Global climate and the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are correlated over recent glacial cycles. The combination of processes responsible for a rise in atmospheric CO2 at the last glacial termination  (23,000 to 9,000 years ago), however, remains uncertain. Establishing the timing and rate of CO2 changes in the past provides critical insight into the mechanisms that influence the carbon cycle and helps put present and future anthropogenic emissions in context. Here we present CO2 and methane (CH4) records of the last deglaciation from a new high-accumulation West Antarctic ice core with unprecedented temporal resolution and precise chronology. We show that although low-frequency CO2 variations parallel changes in Antarctic temperature, abrupt CO2 changes occur that have a clear relationship with abrupt climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. A significant proportion of the direct radiative forcing associated with the rise in atmospheric CO2 occurred in three sudden steps, each of 10 to 15 parts per million. Every step took place in less than two centuries and was followed by no notable change in atmospheric CO2 for about 1,000 to 1,500 years. Slow, millennial-scale ventilation of Southern Ocean CO2-rich, deep-ocean water masses is thought to have been fundamental to the rise in atmospheric CO2 associated with the glacial termination, given the strong covariance of CO2 levels and Antarctic temperatures. Our data establish a contribution from an abrupt, centennial-scale mode of CO2 variability that is not directly related to Antarctic temperature. We suggest that processes operating on centennial timescales, probably involving the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, seem to be influencing global carbon-cycle dynamics and are at present not widely considered in Earth system models.","author":{"name":"Shaun A. Marcott, Thomas K. Bauska, Christo Buizert, Eric J. Steig, Julia L. Rosen, Kurt M. Cuffey, T.J. Fudge, Jeffery P. Severinghaus, Jinho Ahn, Michael L. Kalk, Joseph R. McConnell, Todd Sowers, Kendrick C. Taylor, James W.C. White, and Edward J. Brook"},"citation":"Shaun A. Marcott, Thomas K. Bauska, Christo Buizert, Eric J. Steig, Julia L. Rosen, Kurt M. Cuffey, T.J. Fudge, Jeffery P. Severinghaus, Jinho Ahn, Michael L. Kalk, Joseph R. McConnell, Todd Sowers, Kendrick C. Taylor, James W.C. White, and Edward J. Brook. 2014. Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature, 515(7524), 616-619. doi: 10.1038/nature13799","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature13799","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13799"},"issue":"7524","journal":"Nature","pages":"616-619","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":"515"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["carbon cycle"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54696","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-79.4676","-112.0865"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-112.0865","maxElevationMeters":"1806","minElevationMeters":"1806","northernmostLatitude":"-79.4676","southernmostLatitude":"-79.4676","westernmostLongitude":"-112.0865"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29016","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wais2014co2.txt","linkText":"WAIS Divide 9-23KYrBP CO2 Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"WMOX2007 scale for CO2; corrected for gravitational fractionation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"}]}],"dataTableName":"WAIS2014CO2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23030,"earliestYearBP":23030,"earliestYearCE":-21080,"mostRecentYear":8893,"mostRecentYearBP":8893,"mostRecentYearCE":-6943,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"WAIS Divide WDC06A"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"WAIS Divide Ice Core 9-23KYrBP CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentration data from WAIS ice cores for the period 23,000 to 9,000 years before present. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16319"}