{"NOAAStudyId":"19763","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-01-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-19763.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2533,"earliestYearCE":-583,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-19763","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"ANR France","fundingGrant":"NT09-431976-VOLSOL"}],"investigators":"Gautier, E.; Savarino, J.; Erbland, J.; Lanciki, A.; Possenti, P.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19763","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Current volcanic reconstructions based on ice core analysis have significantly improved over the past few decades by incorporating multiple-core analyses with a high temporal resolution from different parts of the polar regions into a composite common volcanic eruption record. Regional patterns of volcanic deposition are based on composite records, built from cores taken at both poles. However, in many cases only a single record at a given site is used for these reconstructions. This assumes that transport and regional meteorological patterns are the only source of the dispersion of the volcanic products. Here we evaluate the local-scale variability of a sulfate profile in a low-accumulation site (Dome C, Antarctica), in order to assess the representativeness of one core for such a reconstruction. We evaluate the variability with depth, statistical occurrence, and sulfate flux deposition variability of volcanic eruptions detected in five ice cores, drilled 1 m apart from each other. Local-scale variability, essentially attributed to snow drift and surface roughness at Dome C, can lead to a non-exhaustive record of volcanic events when a single core is used as the site reference, with a bulk probability of 30 % of missing volcanic events and close to 65 % uncertainty on one volcanic flux measurement (based on the standard deviation obtained from a five-core comparison). Averaging n records reduces the uncertainty of the deposited flux mean significantly (by a factor 1/sqareroot-n); in the case of five cores, the uncertainty of the mean flux can therefore be reduced to 29 %.","author":{"name":"E. Gautier, J. Savarino, J. Erbland, A. Lanciki, and P. Possenti"},"citation":"E. Gautier, J. Savarino, J. Erbland, A. Lanciki, and P. Possenti. 2016. Variability of sulfate signal in ice core records based on five replicate cores. Climate of the Past, 12, 103-113. doi: 10.5194/cp-12-103-2016","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-12-103-2016","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-103-2016"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"103-113","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Variability of sulfate signal in ice core records based on five replicate cores","type":"publication","volume":"12"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56718","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-75.1","123.333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"123.333","maxElevationMeters":"3233","minElevationMeters":"3233","northernmostLatitude":"-75.1","southernmostLatitude":"-75.1","westernmostLongitude":"123.333"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30403","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice 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compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"VOLSOL2016SO4Core1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-583,"earliestYearBP":2533,"earliestYearCE":-583,"mostRecentYear":2012,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30404","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/volsol2016so4core2.txt","linkText":"VOLSOL Core 2 Sulfate Concentration Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE 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Sulfate Concentration Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"ion chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"VOLSOL2016SO4Core3","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-571,"earliestYearBP":2521,"earliestYearCE":-571,"mostRecentYear":1959,"mostRecentYearBP":-9,"mostRecentYearCE":1959,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30406","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/volsol2016so4core4.txt","linkText":"VOLSOL Core 4 Sulfate Concentration Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"ion chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"VOLSOL2016SO4Core4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-581,"earliestYearBP":2531,"earliestYearCE":-581,"mostRecentYear":1959,"mostRecentYearBP":-9,"mostRecentYearCE":1959,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30407","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/volsol2016so4core5.txt","linkText":"VOLSOL Core 5 Sulfate Concentration Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"ion chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"VOLSOL2016SO4Core5","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-568,"earliestYearBP":2518,"earliestYearCE":-568,"mostRecentYear":1959,"mostRecentYearBP":-9,"mostRecentYearCE":1959,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Concordia Station"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Dome C 2500 Year VOLSOL Ice Core Sulfate Concentration Data","studyNotes":"Project VOLSOL (VOLcanic and SOLar natural climatic forcings) ice core sulfate data from five adjacent 100m ice cores drilled at Concordia Station, Antarctica.  Error of concentration is constant and estimated at +/- 4 % based on standard replicate measurements, the five cores were collected 1m apart in a straight line by a 10 cm OD mechanical drill, dry drilling. Identic date = unresolved by the chronology ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17532"}