{"NOAAStudyId":"20246","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-06-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-20246.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":67748,"earliestYearCE":-65798,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-20246","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0230149, 0230396, 0440817, 0440819, 0537661, 0538657, 0539232"}],"investigators":"Buizert, C.; Sigl, M.; Adolphi, F.; Baggenstos, D.; Bisiaux, M.; Brook, E.J.; Caffee, M.W.; Cheng, H.; Clow, G.D.; Cole-Dai, J.; Cuffey, K.M.; Dunbar, N.W.; Edwards, R.L.; Edwards, R.; Ferris, D.; Fudge, T.J.; Geng, L.; Iverson, N.; Koffman, B.; Layman, L.; Markle, B.R.; Maselli, O.J.; McConnell, J.R.; McGwire, K.; Muscheler, R.; Nishiizumi, K.; Pasteris, D.R.; Rhodes, R.H.; Severinghaus, J.; Sowers, T.; Steig, E.J.; Taylor, K.C.; Welten, K.C.; Winstrup, M.; Woodruff, T.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20246","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"C. Buizert, K. M. Cuffey, J. P. Severinghaus, D. Baggenstos, T. J. Fudge, E. J. Steig, B. R. Markle, M. Winstrup, R. H. Rhodes, E. J. Brook, T. A. Sowers, G. D. Clow, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, M. Sigl, J. R. McConnell, and K. C. Taylor"},"citation":"C. Buizert, K. M. Cuffey, J. P. Severinghaus, D. Baggenstos, T. J. Fudge, E. J. Steig, B. R. Markle, M. Winstrup, R. H. Rhodes, E. J. Brook, T. A. Sowers, G. D. Clow, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, M. Sigl, J. R. McConnell, and K. C. Taylor. 2015. The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 1: Methane synchronization (68-31 ka BP) and the gas age-ice age difference. Climate of the Past, 11(2), 153-173. doi: 10.5194/cp-11-153-2015","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-11-153-2015","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-153-2015"},"issue":"2","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"153-173","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 1: Methane synchronization (68-31 ka BP) and the gas age-ice age difference","type":"publication","volume":"11"},{"abstract":"We present the WD2014 chronology for the upper part (0-2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core. The chronology is based on counting of annual layers observed in the chemical, dust and electrical conductivity records. These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols. The measurements were interpreted manually and with the aid of two automated methods. We validated the chronology by comparing to two high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. For the Holocene, the cosmogenic isotope records of 10Be from WAIS Divide and 14C for IntCal13 demonstrated that WD2014 was consistently accurate to better than 0.5% of the age. For the glacial period, comparisons to the Hulu Cave chronology demonstrated that WD2014 had an accuracy of better than 1% of the age at three abrupt climate change events between 27 and 31ka. WD2014 has consistently younger ages than Greenland ice core chronologies during most of the Holocene. For the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition (11.595 ka; 24 years younger) and the Bolling-Allerod Warming (14.621 ka; 7 years younger), WD2014 ages are within the combined uncertainties of the timescales. Given its high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere, with synchronization to other chronologies feasible using high-quality proxies of volcanism, solar activity, atmospheric mineral dust, and atmospheric methane concentrations.","author":{"name":"Sigl, M., Fudge, T.J., Winstrup, M., Cole-Dai, J., Ferris, D., McConnell, J.R., Taylor, K.C., Welten, K.C., Woodruff, T.E., Adolphi, F., Bisiaux, M., Brook, E.J., Buizert, C., Caffee, M.W., Dunbar, N.W., Edwards, R., Geng, L., Iverson, N., Koffman, B., Layman, L., Maselli, O.J., McGwire, K., Muscheler, R., Nishiizumi, K., Pasteris, D.R., Rhodes, R.H. and Sowers, T.A."},"citation":"Sigl, M., Fudge, T.J., Winstrup, M., Cole-Dai, J., Ferris, D., McConnell, J.R., Taylor, K.C., Welten, K.C., Woodruff, T.E., Adolphi, F., Bisiaux, M., Brook, E.J., Buizert, C., Caffee, M.W., Dunbar, N.W., Edwards, R., Geng, L., Iverson, N., Koffman, B., Layman, L., Maselli, O.J., McGwire, K., Muscheler, R., Nishiizumi, K., Pasteris, D.R., Rhodes, R.H. and Sowers, T.A. 2016. The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0-31 ka BP). Climate of the Past, 12(3), 769-786. doi: 10.5194/cp-12-769-2016","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-12-769-2016","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016"},"issue":"3","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"769-786","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0-31 ka BP)","type":"publication","volume":"12"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54696","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-79.4676","-112.0865"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-112.0865","maxElevationMeters":"1806","minElevationMeters":"1806","northernmostLatitude":"-79.4676","southernmostLatitude":"-79.4676","westernmostLongitude":"-112.0865"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30889","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wais-wd2014agemodel.txt","linkText":"WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core 0-68ka WD2014 Chronology","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice age uncertainty due to annual layer count","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice age uncertainty due to CH4 synchronization","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"gas age-ice age difference (delta age)","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"gas age-ice age difference (delta age)","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"}]}],"dataTableName":"WD2014","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":67748,"earliestYearBP":67748,"earliestYearCE":-65798,"mostRecentYear":-56,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"WAIS Divide WDC06A"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core 0-68ka WD2014 Chronology","studyNotes":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology, consisting of ice age, gas age, delta-age and uncertainties therein.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18021"}