{"NOAAStudyId":"20427","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-20427.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":343,"earliestYearCE":1607,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-20427","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OPP 0424589"},{"fundingAgency":"US NASA","fundingGrant":"NNX13AD53A"}],"investigators":"Vallelonga, P.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20427","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is the sole interior Greenlandic ice stream. Fast flow initiates near the summit dome, and the ice stream terminates approximately 1000 km downstream in three large outlet glaciers that calve into the Greenland Sea. To better understand this important system, in the summer of 2012 we drilled a 67 m firn core and conducted ground-based radio-echo sounding (RES) and active-source seismic surveys at a site approximately 150 km downstream from the onset of streaming flow (NEGIS firn core, 75 37.61'N, 35 56.49'W). The site is representative of the upper part of the ice stream, while also being in a crevasse-free area for safe surface operations.\r\n\r\nAnnual cycles were observed for insoluble dust, sodium and ammonium concentrations and for electrolytic conductivity, allowing a seasonally resolved chronology covering the past 400 yr. Annual layer thicknesses averaged 0.11 m ice equivalent (i.e.) for the period 1607-2011, although accumulation varied between 0.08 and 0.14 m i.e., likely due to flow-related changes in surface topography. Tracing of RES layers from the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) ice core site shows that the ice at NEGIS preserves a climatic record of at least the past 51 kyr. We demonstrate that deep ice core drilling in this location can provide a reliable Holocene and late-glacial climate record, as well as helping to constrain the past dynamics and ice-lithosphere interactions of the Greenland Ice Sheet.","author":{"name":"P. Vallelonga, K. Christianson, R.B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan, J.E.M. Christian, D. Dahl-Jensen, V. Gkinis, C. Holme, R.W. Jacobel, N.B. Karlsson, B.A. Keisling, S. Kipfstuhl, H.A. Kjær, M.E.L. Kristensen, A. Muto, L.E. Peters, T. Popp, K.L. Riverman, A.M. Svensson, C. Tibuleac, B.M. Vinther, Y. Weng, and M. Winstrup"},"citation":"P. Vallelonga, K. Christianson, R.B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan, J.E.M. Christian, D. Dahl-Jensen, V. Gkinis, C. Holme, R.W. Jacobel, N.B. Karlsson, B.A. Keisling, S. Kipfstuhl, H.A. Kjær, M.E.L. Kristensen, A. Muto, L.E. Peters, T. Popp, K.L. Riverman, A.M. Svensson, C. Tibuleac, B.M. Vinther, Y. Weng, and M. Winstrup. 2014. Initial results from geophysical surveys and shallow coring of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). The Cryosphere, 8(4), 1275-1287. doi: 10.5194/tc-8-1275-2014","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/tc-8-1275-2014","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1275-2014"},"issue":"4","journal":"The Cryosphere","pages":"1275-1287","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Initial results from geophysical surveys and shallow coring of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS)","type":"publication","volume":"8"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56840","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["75.623","-35.96"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-35.96","maxElevationMeters":"2702","minElevationMeters":"2702","northernmostLatitude":"75.623","southernmostLatitude":"75.623","westernmostLongitude":"-35.96"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31090","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/negis2012dens.txt","linkText":"NEGIS 2012 Ice Core Density, Accumulation, and Layer Thickness Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"meters of ice equivalent per year","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual layer thickness","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>layer thickness"}]}],"dataTableName":"NEGIS2012dens","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":343,"earliestYearBP":343,"earliestYearCE":1607,"mostRecentYear":-62,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"31091","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/negis2012chem.txt","linkText":"NEGIS 2012 Ice Core Chemistry and Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H>deuterium excess"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per milliliter","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>dust"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Electrolytic meltwater conductivity","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microsiemens per centimeter","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"nanogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>sodium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"nanogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>ammonium"}]}],"dataTableName":"NEGIS2012chem","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":343,"earliestYearBP":343,"earliestYearCE":1607,"mostRecentYear":-62,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"31092","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/negis2012age.txt","linkText":"NEGIS 2012 Ice Core Age Model","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual layer thickness","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>layer thickness"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age"}]}],"dataTableName":"NEGIS2012age","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":343,"earliestYearBP":343,"earliestYearCE":1607,"mostRecentYear":-62,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS)"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) 2012 Ice Core Chemistry and Density","studyNotes":"CFA chemistry, density, accumulation, and annual layer thickness data produced from NEGIS 2012 ice core","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18211"}