{"NOAAStudyId":"22214","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-06-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22214.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":453,"earliestYearCE":1497,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22214","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ACP-1149239"}],"investigators":"Beaudon, E.; Gabrielli, P.; Sierra-Hernandez, M.R.; Wegner, A.; Thompson, L.G.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22214","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A ~ 500-year section of ice core (1497-1992) from the Puruogangri ice cap has been analyzed at high resolution for 28 trace elements (TEs: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) to assess different atmospheric contributions to the ice and provide a temporal perspective on the diverse atmospheric influences over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). At least two volcanic depositions have significantly impacted the central TP over the past 500 years, possibly originating from the Billy Mitchell (1580, Papua New Guinea) and the Parker Peak (1641, Philippines) eruptions. A decreasing aeolian dust input to the ice cap allowed the detection of an atmospheric pollution signal. The anthropogenic pollution contribution emerges in the record since the early 1900s (for Sb and Cd) and increases substantially after 1935 (for Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd and Sb). The metallurgy (Zn, Pb and steel smelting) emission products (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag) from the former Soviet Union and especially from central Asia (e.g., Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) likely enhanced the anthropogenic deposition to the Puruogangri ice cap between 1935 and 1980, suggesting that the westerlies served as a conveyor of atmospheric pollution to central Tibet. The impact of this industrial pollution cumulated with that of the hemispheric coal and gasoline combustion which are respectively traced by Sb and Pb enrichment in the ice. The Chinese steel production accompanying the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) and the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) is proposed as a secondary but proximal source of Pb pollution affecting the ice cap between 1958 and 1976. The most recent decade (1980-1992) of the enrichment time series suggests that Puruogangri ice cap recorded the early Sb, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag pollution originating from developing countries of South (i.e., India) and East (i.e., China) Asia and transported by the summer monsoonal circulation.","author":{"name":"Emilie Beaudon, Paolo Gabrielli, M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Anna Wegner, Lonnie G. Thompson"},"citation":"Emilie Beaudon, Paolo Gabrielli, M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Anna Wegner, Lonnie G. Thompson. 2017. Central Tibetan Plateau atmospheric trace metals contamination: a 500-year record from the Puruogangri ice core. Science of the Total Environment, 601-602, 1349-1363. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science of the Total Environment","pages":"1349-1363","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Central Tibetan Plateau atmospheric trace metals contamination: a 500-year record from the Puruogangri ice core","type":"publication","volume":"601-602"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52345","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["33.9167","89.0833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"89.0833","maxElevationMeters":"6070","minElevationMeters":"6070","northernmostLatitude":"33.9167","southernmostLatitude":"33.9167","westernmostLongitude":"89.0833"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33321","coreLengthMeters":123,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/puruogangri/puruogangri2017efc.txt","linkText":"Puruogangri Ice Cap Trace Element Enrichment Factor","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>silver"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>cadmium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>antimony"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>thallium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>lead"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>bismuth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>iron"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>zinc"}]}],"dataTableName":"Puruogangri2017EFc","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1497,"earliestYearBP":453,"earliestYearCE":1497,"mostRecentYear":1991,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33322","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/puruogangri/puruogangri2017efc5yr.txt","linkText":"Puruogangri Ice Cap Trace Element Enrichment Factor 5 Year Averages","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>silver"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>cadmium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>antimony"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>thallium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>lead"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>zinc"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median enrichment factor","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>iron"}]}],"dataTableName":"Puruogangri2017EFc5yr","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33323","coreLengthMeters":123,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/puruogangri/puruogangri2017elem5yr.txt","linkText":"Puruogangri Ice Cap Trace Element Data 5 Year Averages","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>cadmium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>antimony"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>thallium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>lead"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>iron"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>zinc"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5-year average of annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>silver"}]}],"dataTableName":"Puruogangri2017elem5yr","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33324","coreLengthMeters":123,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/puruogangri/puruogangri2017elem.txt","linkText":"Puruogangri Ice Cap Trace Element Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>silver"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>cadmium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>antimony"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>thallium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>lead"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>bismuth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>iron"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual median concentration","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"picogram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>zinc"}]}],"dataTableName":"Puruogangri2017elem","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1497,"earliestYearBP":453,"earliestYearCE":1497,"mostRecentYear":1991,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Puruogangri Ice Cap"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Puruogangri Ice Cap, China 500 Year Trace Element Data","studyNotes":"Trace element data from ice cores collected on the Dome A of the Puruogangri Ice Cap, Tibetan Plateau, China, from  1497 to 1991 CE.  Included are annual median of concentration and enrichment factor (EF) of trace elements.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20248"}