{"NOAAStudyId":"22251","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-09-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22251.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":-24,"earliestYearCE":1974,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22251","funding":[],"investigators":"Thompson, L.G.; Davis, M.E.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Beaudon, E.; Porter, S.E.; Kutuzov, S.; Lin, P-N.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Mountain, K.","mostRecentYearBP":-66,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22251","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Data collected between 1974 and 2016 from snow pits and core samples from two Peruvian ice fields demonstrate the effect of the recent warming over the tropical Andes, augmented by El Nino, on the preservation of the climate record. As the 0C isotherm is approaching the summit of the Quelccaya ice cap in the Andes of southern Peru (5,670 meters above sea level (masl)), the distinctive seasonal d18O oscillations in the fresh snow deposited within each thermal year are attenuated at depth due to melting and percolation through the firn. This has become increasingly pronounced over 43 years. In the Andes of northern Peru, the ice field on the col of Nevado Huascarán (6050 masl) has retained its seasonal d18O variations at depth due to its higher elevation. During the 2015/2016 El Nino, snow on Quelccaya and Huascarán was isotopically (d18O) enriched and the net sum of accumulation over the previous year (NSA) was below the mean for non-El Nino years, particularly on Quelccaya (up to 64% below the mean) which was more pronounced than the NSA decrease during the comparable 1982/1983 El Nino. Interannual large‐scale oceanic and middle to upper‐level atmospheric temperatures influence d18O in precipitation on both ice fields, although the influences are variably affected by strong El Nino–Southern Oscillation events, especially on Quelccaya. The rate of ice wastage along Quelccaya's margin was dramatically higher during 2015/2016 compared with that of the previous 15 years, suggesting that warming from future El Ninos may accelerate mass loss on Peruvian glaciers.","author":{"name":"L.G. Thompson, M.E. Davis, E. Mosley-Thompson, E. Beaudon, S.E. Porter, S. Kutuzov, P-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, K.R. Mountain"},"citation":"L.G. Thompson, M.E. Davis, E. Mosley-Thompson, E. Beaudon, S.E. Porter, S. Kutuzov, P-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, K.R. Mountain. 2017. Impacts of recent warming and the 2015/16 El Nino on tropical Peruvian ice fields. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(23), 12688-12701. doi: 10.1002/2017JD026592","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2017JD026592","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026592"},"issue":"23","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","pages":"12688-12701","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Impacts of recent warming and the 2015/16 El Nino on tropical Peruvian ice fields","type":"publication","volume":"122"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19993","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-13.93","-70.83"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-70.83","maxElevationMeters":"5670","minElevationMeters":"5670","northernmostLatitude":"-13.93","southernmostLatitude":"-13.93","westernmostLongitude":"-70.83"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33339","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/quelccaya/","linkText":"Quelccaya Ice Core and Snowpit d18O Data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983d18Oann","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983d18Oann","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983d18","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983d18","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983deepd18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983deepd18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983deepDens","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1983deepDens","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"kilogram per cubic meter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1991d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1991d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003d18Oann","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003d18Oann","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003dens","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1976d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2003dens","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"kilogram per cubic meter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2016d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC2016d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1976d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1979d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"QIC1979d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/quelccaya/quelccaya2017.xlsx","linkText":"Quelccaya and Huascarán Ice Core and Snowpit d18O Data","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Quelccaya2017","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1974,"earliestYearBP":-24,"earliestYearCE":1974,"mostRecentYear":2016,"mostRecentYearBP":-66,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Quelccaya Ice Cap"},{"NOAASiteId":"19996","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-9","-77.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-77.5","maxElevationMeters":"6050","minElevationMeters":"6050","northernmostLatitude":"-9","southernmostLatitude":"-9","westernmostLongitude":"-77.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33338","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/","linkText":"Huascarán Ice Core and Snowpit d18O Data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS1991d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS1991d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS1993d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS1993d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS2016d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"HS2016d18O","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/quelccaya/quelccaya2017.xlsx","linkText":"Quelccaya and Huascarán Ice Core and Snowpit d18O Data","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Huascaran2017","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1991,"earliestYearBP":-41,"earliestYearCE":1991,"mostRecentYear":2016,"mostRecentYearBP":-66,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Nevado Huascarán"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Tropical Peruvian Ice Core 50 Year Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Ice core and snow pit oxygen isotope (d18O) data, at sub-annual resolution for recent decades, from two ice core locations in tropical Peru (Quelccaya and Huascarán), plus ice density and geochemical measurements made on some samples.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20291"}