{"NOAAStudyId":"22478","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22478.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1950,"earliestYearCE":0,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22478","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"DP110101161"}],"investigators":"Abram, N.J.; Mulvaney, R.; Wolff, E.W.; Triest, J.; Kipfstuhl, S.; Trusel, L.D.; Vimeux, F.; Fleet, L.; Arrowsmith, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22478","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Over the past 50 years, warming of the Antarctic Peninsula has been accompanied by accelerating glacier mass loss and the retreat and collapse of ice shelves. A key driver of ice loss is summer melting; however, it is not usually possible to specifically reconstruct the summer conditions that are critical for determining ice melt in Antarctic. Here we reconstruct changes in ice-melt intensity and mean temperature on the northern Antarctic Peninsula since AD 1000 based on the identification of visible melt layers in the James Ross Island ice core and local mean annual temperature estimates from the deuterium content of the ice. During the past millennium, the coolest conditions and lowest melt occurred from about AD 1410 to 1460, when mean temperature was 1.6C lower than that of 1981-2000. Since the late 1400s, there has been a nearly tenfold increase in melt intensity from 0.5 to 4.9%. The warming has occurred in progressive phases since about AD 1460, but intensification of melt is nonlinear, and has largely occurred since the mid-twentieth century. Summer melting is now at a level that is unprecedented over the past 1,000 years. We conclude that ice on the Antarctic Peninsula is now particularly susceptible to rapid increases in melting and loss in response to relatively small increases in mean temperature.","author":null,"citation":"Nerilie J. Abram, Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Jack Triest, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Luke D. Trusel, Francoise Vimeux, Louise Fleet, and Carol Arrowsmith. 2013. \r\nAcceleration of snowmelt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the 20th century. \r\nNature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1787","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo1787","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1787"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Acceleration of snowmelt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the 20th century","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Robert Mulvaney, Nerilie J. Abram, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Carol Arrowsmith, Louise Fleet, Jack Triest, Louise C. Sime, Olivier Alemany, and Susan Foord. 2012. \r\nRecent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history. \r\nNature, Vol. 489, Issue 7414, pp. 141-144, 6-September-2012.\r\nDOI: 10.1038/nature11391","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature11391","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11391"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54569","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-64.2017","-57.685"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-57.685","maxElevationMeters":"1542","minElevationMeters":"1542","northernmostLatitude":"-64.2017","southernmostLatitude":"-64.2017","westernmostLongitude":"-57.685"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33611","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>hydrogen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/james-ross-island/james-ross-island2012-2013dd.txt","linkText":"James Ross Island Deuterium Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"}]}],"dataTableName":"JRI2012-2013dD","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":0,"earliestYearBP":1950,"earliestYearCE":0,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"James Ross Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"James Ross Island, Antarctica Ice Core 2000 Year Annual Deuterium Data","studyNotes":"James Ross Island ice core deuterium data at annual resolution for the past 2,000 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20669"}