{"NOAAStudyId":"22541","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22541.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1181,"earliestYearCE":769,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22541","funding":[],"investigators":"Divine, D.V.; Isaksson, E.; Martma, T.; Meijer, H.A.J.; Moore, J.C.; Pohjola, V.; van de Wal, R.S.W.; Godtliebsen, F.","mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22541","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Two isotopic ice core records from western Svalbard are calibrated to reconstruct more than 1000 years of past winter surface air temperature variations in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and Vardø, northern Norway. Analysis of the derived reconstructions suggests that the climate evolution of the last millennium in these study areas comprises three major sub-periods. The cooling stage in Svalbard (ca. 800-1800) is characterized by a progressive winter cooling of approximately 0.9C century-1 (0.3C century-1 for Vardø) and a lack of distinct signs of abrupt climate transitions. This makes it difficult to associate the onset of the Little Ice Age in Svalbard with any particular time period. During the 1800s, which according to our results was the coldest century in Svalbard, the winter cooling associated with the Little Ice Age was on the order of 4C (1.3C for Vardø) compared to the 1900s. The rapid warming that commenced at the beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by a parallel decline in sea-ice extent in the study area. However, both the reconstructed winter temperatures as well as indirect indicators of summer temperatures suggest the Medieval period before the 1200s was at least as warm as at the end of the 1990s in Svalbard.","author":{"name":"Dmitry Divine, Elisabeth Isaksson, Tonu Martma, Harro A.J. Meijer, John Moore, Veijo Pohjola, Roderik S.W. van de Wal, and Fred Godtliebsen"},"citation":"Dmitry Divine, Elisabeth Isaksson, Tonu Martma, Harro A.J. Meijer, John Moore, Veijo Pohjola, Roderik S.W. van de Wal, and Fred Godtliebsen. 2011. Thousand years of winter surface air temperature variations in Svalbard and northern Norway reconstructed from ice-core data. Polar Research, 30(1), 7379, 73-79. doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7379","edition":"7379","identifier":{"id":"10.3402/polar.v30i0.7379","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.7379"},"issue":"1","journal":"Polar Research","pages":"73-79","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Thousand years of winter surface air temperature variations in Svalbard and northern Norway reconstructed from ice-core data","type":"publication","volume":"30"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19991","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["78.73","17.57"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"17.57","maxElevationMeters":"1020","minElevationMeters":"1020","northernmostLatitude":"78.73","southernmostLatitude":"78.73","westernmostLongitude":"17.57"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Norway","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33639","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/lomonosovfonna2011temp.txt","linkText":"Lomonosovfonna d18O Data and Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibration using scaling against mean Dec-Feb Longyerbyen temperature for 1912-1996 AD","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"missing annual d18O in the lower part of the core interpolated using piecewise cubic interpolation","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Lomonosovfonna2011temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":769,"earliestYearBP":1181,"earliestYearCE":769,"mostRecentYear":1997,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Lomonosovfonna"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard 1,200 Year Ice Core d18O and Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Ice core oxygen isotope (d18O) data and temperature reconstruction for the past 1,200 years from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard. 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