{"NOAAStudyId":"22542","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22542.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1799,"earliestYearCE":151,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22542","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Kinnard, C.; Zdanowicz, C.M.; Fisher, D.A.; Isaksson, E.; de Vernal, A.; Thompson, L.G.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22542","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Arctic sea ice extent is now more than two million square kilometres less than it was in the late twentieth century, with important consequences for the climate, the ocean and traditional lifestyles in the Arctic. Although observations show a more or less continuous decline for the past four or five decades, there are few long-term records with which to assess natural sea ice variability. Until now, the question of whether or not current trends are potentially anomalous has therefore remained unanswerable. Here we use a network of high-resolution terrestrial proxies from the circum-Arctic region to reconstruct past extents of summer sea ice, and show that - although extensive uncertainties remain, especially before the sixteenth century - both the duration and magnitude of the current decline in sea ice seem to be unprecedented for the past 1,450 years. Enhanced advection of warm Atlantic water to the Arctic seems to be the main factor driving the decline of sea ice extent on multidecadal timescales, and may result from nonlinear feedbacks between sea ice and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. These results reinforce the assertion that sea ice is an active component of Arctic climate variability and that the recent decrease in summer Arctic sea ice is consistent with anthropogenically forced warming.","author":{"name":"Christophe Kinnard, Christian M. Zdanowicz, David A. Fisher, Elisabeth Isaksson, Anne de Vernal, Lonnie G. Thompson"},"citation":"Christophe Kinnard, Christian M. Zdanowicz, David A. Fisher, Elisabeth Isaksson, Anne de Vernal, Lonnie G. Thompson. 2011. Reconstructed changes in Arctic sea ice over the past 1,450 years. Nature, 479(7374), 509-512. doi: 10.1038/nature10581","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature10581","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10581"},"issue":"7374","journal":"Nature","pages":"509-512","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructed changes in Arctic sea ice over the past 1,450 years","type":"publication","volume":"479"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57402","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["78.4","-80.4"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-80.4","maxElevationMeters":"2030","minElevationMeters":"2030","northernmostLatitude":"78.4","southernmostLatitude":"78.4","westernmostLongitude":"-80.4"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Canada>Nunavut","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33640","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/ellesmere/prince-of-wales2011d18o.txt","linkText":"Prince of Wales Ice Core d18O Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Prince-of-Wales2011d18O","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":151,"earliestYearBP":1799,"earliestYearCE":151,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Prince of Wales"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Prince of Wales, Ellesmere Island 1,850 Year Ice Core d18O Data","studyNotes":"Ice core oxygen isotope (d18O) data from Prince of Wales, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada for the past 1,850 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20699"}