{"NOAAStudyId":"22711","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-09-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-22711.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":280,"earliestYearCE":1670,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-22711","funding":[],"investigators":"Frezzotti, M.; Scarchilli, C.; Becagli, S.; Proposito, M.; Urbini, S.","mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22711","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Global climate models suggest that Antarctic snowfall should increase in a warming climate and mitigate rises in the sea level. Several processes affect surface mass balance (SMB), introducing large uncertainties in past, present and future ice sheet mass balance. To provide an extended perspective on the past SMB of Antarctica, we used 67 firn/ice core records to reconstruct the temporal variability in the SMB over the past 800 yr and, in greater detail, over the last 200 yr.\r\n\r\nOur SMB reconstructions indicate that the SMB changes over most of Antarctica are statistically negligible and that the current SMB is not exceptionally high compared to the last 800 yr. High-accumulation periods have occurred in the past, specifically during the 1370s and 1610s. However, a clear increase in accumulation of more than 10% has occurred in high SMB coastal regions and over the highest part of the East Antarctic ice divide since the 1960s. To explain the differences in behaviour between the coastal/ice divide sites and the rest of Antarctica, we suggest that a higher frequency of blocking anticyclones increases the precipitation at coastal sites, leading to the advection of moist air in the highest areas, whereas blowing snow and/or erosion have significant negative impacts on the SMB at windy sites. Eight hundred years of stacked records of the SMB mimic the total solar irradiance during the 13th and 18th centuries. The link between those two variables is probably indirect and linked to a teleconnection in atmospheric circulation that forces complex feedback between the tropical Pacific and Antarctica via the generation and propagation of a large-scale atmospheric wave train.","author":{"name":"M. Frezzotti, C. Scarchilli, S. Becagli, M. Proposito, and S. Urbini"},"citation":"M. Frezzotti, C. Scarchilli, S. Becagli, M. Proposito, and S. Urbini. 2013. A synthesis of the Antarctic surface mass balance during the last 800 yr. The Cryosphere, 7, 303-319. doi: 10.5194/tc-7-303-2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/tc-7-303-2013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-303-2013"},"issue":null,"journal":"The Cryosphere","pages":"303-319","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A synthesis of the Antarctic surface mass balance during the last 800 yr","type":"publication","volume":"7"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"O. Magand, M. Frezzotti, M. Pourchet, B. Stenni, L. Genoni and M. Fily"},"citation":"O. Magand, M. Frezzotti, M. Pourchet, B. Stenni, L. Genoni and M. Fily. 2004. Climate variability along latitudinal and longitudinal transects in East Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 39, 351-358. doi: 10.3189/172756404781813961","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.3189/172756404781813961","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781813961"},"issue":null,"journal":"Annals of Glaciology","pages":"351-358","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climate variability along latitudinal and longitudinal transects in East Antarctica","type":"publication","volume":"39"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57467","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-68.94","136.94"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"136.94","maxElevationMeters":"2333","minElevationMeters":"2333","northernmostLatitude":"-68.94","southernmostLatitude":"-68.94","westernmostLongitude":"136.94"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33854","coreLengthMeters":49,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>accumulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/itase-d66accum.txt","linkText":"Core D66 Snow Accumulation Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual counting by (nssSO4 etc.)","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation>snow","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"kilogram per square meter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"D66Accum","dataTableNotes":"mean annual accumulation rate 233 mm w.e./year (Tambora-present); 2002-2003 values from stake measurements","earliestYear":1864,"earliestYearBP":86,"earliestYearCE":1864,"mostRecentYear":2003,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"D66"},{"NOAASiteId":"57468","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-71.71","145.26"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"145.26","maxElevationMeters":"2143","minElevationMeters":"2143","northernmostLatitude":"-71.71","southernmostLatitude":"-71.71","westernmostLongitude":"145.26"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33853","coreLengthMeters":55,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>accumulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/itase-gv2accum.txt","linkText":"Core GV2 Snow Accumulation Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"annual counting by (nssSO4 etc.)","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation>snow","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"kilogram per square meter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"GV2Accum","dataTableNotes":"mean annual accumulation rate 112 mm w.e./year (Tambora-present); 2002-2003 values from stake measurements","earliestYear":1670,"earliestYearBP":280,"earliestYearCE":1670,"mostRecentYear":2003,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"GV2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"ITASE 330 Year Antarctic Ice Core Snow Accumulation Data","studyNotes":"Snow accumulation data from 2 ITASE Antarctic ice cores. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20892"}