{"NOAAStudyId":"2466","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2002-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-2466.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":11600,"earliestYearCE":-9650,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-2466","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-9910172"}],"investigators":"Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.D.; Henderson, K.A.; Brecher, H.H.; Zagorodnov, V.S.; Mashiotta, T.A.; Lin, P-N.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Hardy, D.R.; Beer, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2466","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an ~11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate \r\nand environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of \r\nabrupt climate change: ~8.3, ~5.2, and ~4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident \r\nwith the \"First Dark Age,\" the period of the greatest historically recorded drought \r\nin tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period \r\nsuggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between ~11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, \r\nthe areal extent of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has decreased ~80%, and if current \r\nclimatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear \r\nbetween 2015 and 2020. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, \r\nK.A. Henderson, H.H. Brecher, V.S. Zagorodnov, T.A. Mashiotta, \r\nP.-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, D.R. Hardy, and J. Beer, 2002, \r\nKilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change \r\nin Tropical Africa, Science, Volume 298, 5593, 18 October 2002.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2002,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change  in Tropical Africa","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","PAGES Africa 2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20003","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.08","37.35"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"37.35","maxElevationMeters":"5893","minElevationMeters":"5893","northernmostLatitude":"-3.08","southernmostLatitude":"-3.08","westernmostLongitude":"37.35"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Eastern Africa>Tanzania","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"2625","coreLengthMeters":51,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/kilimanjaro/kilimanjaro.txt","linkText":"kilimanjaro.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x1e5 units; > 0.63 micrometers","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per milliliter","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>dust"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"atom per gram","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>36Cl"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>36Cl"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>chlorine>chloride"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>fluorine>fluoride"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>sodium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>ammonium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>potassium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>magnesium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"NIF2NIF3","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-9650,"earliestYearBP":11600,"earliestYearCE":-9650,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Kilimanjaro"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kilimanjaro - Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data and Description","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"1271"}