{"NOAAStudyId":"2473","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-2473.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":76000,"earliestYearCE":-74050,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-2473","funding":[],"investigators":"Flückiger, J.; Blunier, T.; Stauffer, B.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Spahni, R.; Kawamura, K.; Schwander, J.; Stocker, T.F.; Dahl-Jensen, D.","mostRecentYearBP":38100,"mostRecentYearCE":-36150,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2473","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Greenhouse gas measurements along polar ice cores provide important insight into the former composition of the atmosphere, its natural variations, and the responses to fast climatic changes in the past. We present high-resolution nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) records measured along two ice cores from central Greenland covering part of Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 in the last glacial epoch. The N2O data confirm the hypothesis that N2O shows variations in phase to fast climatic changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere, the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Variations exist not only for events with a long duration (1500 years and more) but also for the shorter ones. The comparison with CH4 unveils interesting differences between the response of CH4 and N2O to D-O events. While the average amplitudes of CH4 oscillations associated with D-O events are similar to those of the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the magnitude of the N2O concentration change instead correlates with the duration of the D-O events. The records give further insight into the timing of concentration changes at the beginning of D-O events. They show that for long-lasting events the N2O concentration starts to increase before both the sharp increase in the CH4 concentration and the temperature reconstructed for Greenland","author":null,"citation":"Flückiger, Jacqueline, Thomas Blunier, Bernhard Stauffer, Jérôme Chappellaz, Renato Spahni, Kenji Kawamura, Jakob Schwander, Thomas F. Stocker and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen.  2004.  N2O and CH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes.  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(1). DOI: 10.1029/2003GB002122","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2003GB002122","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002122"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"N2O and CH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19973","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.58","-37.63"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-37.63","maxElevationMeters":"2917","minElevationMeters":"2917","northernmostLatitude":"72.58","southernmostLatitude":"72.58","westernmostLongitude":"-37.63"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38179","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/gases/grip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt","linkText":"grip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrous oxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrous oxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"}]}],"dataTableName":"GRIP N2O,CH4 Fluckiger2003","dataTableNotes":"Measurements were performed along the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) \r\nice core (72°34'N, 37°37'W). Ninety-six and 107 samples from different depth levels were measured for N2O and CH4, respectively, covering the time period of D-O events 19 and 20.  The GRIP record achieves a mean time resolution of 97 years and 77 years for N2O and CH4, respectively, reaching a resolution of about 30 years at the beginning of D-O event 19.","earliestYear":76000,"earliestYearBP":76000,"earliestYearCE":-74050,"mostRecentYear":66241,"mostRecentYearBP":66241,"mostRecentYearCE":-64291,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GRIP"},{"NOAASiteId":"20005","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["75.1","-42.33"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-42.33","maxElevationMeters":"2917","minElevationMeters":"2917","northernmostLatitude":"75.1","southernmostLatitude":"75.1","westernmostLongitude":"-42.33"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38178","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/ngrip/gases/ngrip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt","linkText":"ngrip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrous oxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrous oxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per billion","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane"}]}],"dataTableName":"NGRIP N2O,CH4 Fluckiger2003","dataTableNotes":"Measurements were performed along the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core (75°06'N, 42°20'W) at 158 and 164 different depth levels for N2O and CH4, respectively. These data cover the time period of D-O events 9 to 12. The resolution of the NGRIP records is about 63 years with highest resolutions of up to 35 years at the beginning of D-O events.","earliestYear":48300,"earliestYearBP":48300,"earliestYearCE":-46350,"mostRecentYear":38100,"mostRecentYearBP":38100,"mostRecentYearCE":-36150,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"North GRIP"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GRIP, North GRIP - Nitrous Oxide and Methane Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"1245"}