{"NOAAStudyId":"2474","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2003-12-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-2474.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":11750,"earliestYearCE":-9800,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-2474","funding":[],"investigators":"Fisher, D.A.; Koerner, R.M.; Bourgeois, J.C.; Zielinski, G.A.; Wake, C.; Hammer, C.U.; Clausen, H.B.; Gundestrup, N.; Johnsen, S.J.; Goto-Azuma, K.; Hondoh, T.; Blake, E.; Gerasimoff, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-42,"mostRecentYearCE":1992,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2474","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Fisher, D.A., R.M. Koerner, J.C. Bourgeois, G. Zielinski, C. Wake, C.U. Hammer, H.B. Clausen, N. Gundestrup, S. Johnsen, K. Goto-Azuma, T. Hondoh, E. Blake, and M. Gerasimoff. 1998. Penny ice cap cores, Baffin Island, Canada, and the Wisconsinan Foxe Dome connection: Two states of Hudson Bay ice cover. 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The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38250","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/ecm/ecm-4p_962.txt","linkText":"ecm-4p_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 962 Data4 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38251","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/ecm/ecm-3p_962.txt","linkText":"ecm-3p_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 962 Data3 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  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The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38261","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/so4pair1_962.txt","linkText":"so4pair1_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"}]}],"dataTableName":"Penny SO4-1R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38262","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/no3pair5_962.txt","linkText":"no3pair5_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny NO3-5R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38263","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/no3pair4_962.txt","linkText":"no3pair4_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny NO3-4R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38264","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/no3pair3_962.txt","linkText":"no3pair3_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny NO3-3R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38265","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/no3pair2_962.txt","linkText":"no3pair2_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny NO3-2R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38266","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny96/chem/no3pair1_962.txt","linkText":"no3pair1_962.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrate"}]}],"dataTableName":"Penny NO3-1R.962 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\r\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \r\non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38267","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm9p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm9p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-9 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38268","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm8p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm8p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-8 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38269","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm7p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm7p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-7 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38270","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm6p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm6p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-6 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38271","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm5p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm5p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-5 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38272","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm4p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm4p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-4 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38273","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm3p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm3p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-3 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38274","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm2p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm2p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-2 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38275","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm1p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm1p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-1 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38276","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm17p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm17p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-17 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38277","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm16p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm16p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-16 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38278","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm15p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm15p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-15 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38279","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm14p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm14p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-14 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38280","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm13p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm13p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-13 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38281","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm12p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm12p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-12 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38282","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm11p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm11p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-11 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38283","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/ecm/ecm10p_954.txt","linkText":"ecm10p_954.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Penny ECM 954-10 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38284","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/chem/negion_952.txt","linkText":"negion_952.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organosulfur compound>methanesulfonic acid"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>chlorine>chloride"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>sulfate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrate"}]}],"dataTableName":"Penny 952 Cl,NO3,SO4 Fisher1998","dataTableNotes":"The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\r\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \r\nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \r\nthe two cores is .80.  \r\n\r\nThe P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations (Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).","earliestYear":11000,"earliestYearBP":11000,"earliestYearCE":-9050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Penny Ice Cap"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Penny Ice Cap - Conductivity, Isotope, and Chemistry Data","studyNotes":"Snowpits were excavated in 1994 and 1995. \n\nThe 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.\nThe 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) \nfor evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between \nthe two cores is .80.  \n\nThe 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located\napproximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O \non 40-year segments is .3 to .5.\n\nADDITIONAL REFERENCES:\nFisher, D.A., R.M. Koerner, G.A. Zielinski, C.P. Wake, C.M. Zdanowicz, \nJ.C. Bourgeois, P.A. Mayewski and N. Grummet, 2002,\nThe effects of flowline length evolution on chemistry-d18O profiles from \nPenny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada\nAnnals of Glaciology, Volume 35, pp. 150-156.\n\nFisher, D. A., (2002).   High-resolution multiproxy climatic records \nfrom ice cores, tree-rings, corals and documentary sources using eigenvector \ntechniques and maps: assessment of recovered signal and errors.\nHolocene,  vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 401-420 \n\nGrumet, N.S., Wake, C.P., Zielinski, G.A., Fisher, D.A. and Jacobs, J.D. 1998.  \nPreservation of glaciochemical time-series in snow and ice records from the \npercolation zone of the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island. \nGeophysical Research Letters 25, 357-360.\n\nGoto-Azuma, K., R.M. Koerner, and D.A. Fisher, 2002,\nAn ice-core record over the last two centuries from Penny Ice Cap, \nBaffin Island, Canada\nAnnals of Glaciology, Volume 35, pp. 29-35.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"1275"}