{"NOAAStudyId":"9893","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-11-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-9893.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":139904,"earliestYearCE":-137954,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-9893","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"University of Bern","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Schilt, A.; Baumgartner, S.M.; Schwander, J.; Buiron, D.; Capron, E.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Loulergue, L.; Schüpbach, S.; Spahni, R.; Fischer, H.; Stocker, T.F.","mostRecentYearBP":171,"mostRecentYearCE":1779,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9893","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Reconstructions of past atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases \nprovide unique insight into the biogeochemical cycles and the past \nradiative forcing in the Earth's climate system. We present new \nmeasurements of atmospheric nitrous oxide along the ice cores of the \nNorth Greenland Ice Core Project and Talos Dome sites. Using records \nof several other ice cores, we are now able to establish the first \ncomplete composite nitrous oxide record reaching back to the beginning \nof the previous interglacial about 140,000 yr ago. On the basis of \nsuch composite ice core records, we further calculate the radiative \nforcing of the three most important greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, \nmethane and nitrous oxide during more than a full glacial-interglacial \ncycle. Nitrous oxide varies in line with climate, reaching very low \nconcentrations of about 200 parts per billion by volume during Marine \nIsotope Stages 4 and 2, and showing substantial responses to millennial \ntime scale climate variations during the last glacial. A large part \nof these millennial time scale variations can be explained by parallel \nchanges in the sources of methane and nitrous oxide. However, as \nrevealed by high-resolution measurements covering the Dansgaard/Oeschger \nevents 17 to 15, the evolution of these two greenhouse gases may be \ndecoupled on the centennial time scale. Carbon dioxide and methane \nconcentrations do not reach interglacial levels in the course of \nmillennial time scale climate variations during the last glacial. \nIn contrast, nitrous oxide often reaches interglacial concentrations \nin response to both, glacial terminations and Dansgaard/Oeschger events. \nThis indicates, from a biogeochemical point of view, similar drivers \nin both temporal cases. While carbon dioxide and methane concentrations \nare more strongly controlled by climate changes in high latitudes, \nnitrous oxide emissions changes may mainly stem from the ocean and/or \nfrom soils located at low latitudes. Accordingly, we speculate that \nhigh latitudes could play the leading role to trigger glacial \nterminations. \n","author":null,"citation":"Schilt, A., M. Baumgartner, J. Schwander, D. Buiron, \nE. Capron, J. Chappellaz, L. Loulergue, S. Schüpbach, \nR. Spahni, H. Fischer, and T.F. Stocker. 2010. \nAtmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000 years. \nEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 300, pp. 33-43. \ndoi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.027 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.027 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.027 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Glacial"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20568","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-75",".07"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"0.07","maxElevationMeters":"2892","minElevationMeters":"2892","northernmostLatitude":"-75","southernmostLatitude":"-75","westernmostLongitude":"0.07"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18742","coreLengthMeters":2281,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/maud/edml-ch4-140k.txt","linkText":"edml-ch4-140k.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":"gas chromatography - 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