{"NOAAStudyId":"9971","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-07-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-9971.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":151703,"earliestYearCE":-149753,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-9971","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"FP6 STREP EPICA-MIS"}],"investigators":"Lourantou, A.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Barnola, J.M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Raynaud, D.","mostRecentYearBP":125222,"mostRecentYearCE":-123272,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9971","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The largest natural increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration \nas recorded in ice cores occur when the Earth climate abruptly \nshifts from a glacial to an interglacial state. Open questions \nremain regarding the processes at play, the sequences of events \nand their similarities along different glacial-interglacial\ntransitions. Here we provide new combined data of atmospheric \nCO2 and its carbon isotopic ratio (d13CO2) for the penultimate \nglacial-interglacial transition (Termination II) from the \nAntarctic EPICA Dome C ice core. Together with the strongest \nAntarctic warming, this transition bears the largest CO2 increase \n(104 ppmv) of the last nine Terminations, ending with an overshoot \nof 21 ppmv occurring within ~300 y and leading to higher levels \nthan those of the late pre-industrial Holocene. The full CO2 rise \nis accompanied by an overall decrease of the d13CO2 minimum values, \non which three positive excursions are superimposed. Peak-to-peak \nd13CO2 changes in our record can reach ~1 per mil. The ice core\natmospheric d13CO2 appears more depleted by ~0.2 per mil during \nTermination II compared to Termination I, paralleling a similar \ncarbon isotopic depletion recorded in marine data. During both \nterminations, most of CO2 and d13CO2 variations are attributed \nto southern ocean stratification breakdown and decreased \nefficiency of the biological pump. Compared to Termination I, \nTermination II ice core data point to different timings \nof decrease in iron supply and sea-ice extent, suggesting \nthat they could account for distinct patterns of the carbon cycle.\n","author":null,"citation":"Lourantou, A., J. Chappellaz, J.-M. Barnola, V. Masson-Delmotte, and D. Raynaud. 2010. Changes in atmospheric CO2 and its carbon isotopic ratio during the penultimate deglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, Issues 17-18, August 2010, pp. 1983-1992 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.002","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.002","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.002"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Changes in atmospheric CO2 and its carbon isotopic ratio during  the penultimate deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["carbon cycle","Last Interglacial"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19998","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-75.1","123.4"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"123.4","maxElevationMeters":"3240","minElevationMeters":"3240","northernmostLatitude":"-75.1","southernmostLatitude":"-75.1","westernmostLongitude":"123.4"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18819","coreLengthMeters":203,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc2010d13co2-t2.txt","linkText":"edc2010d13co2-t2.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for gravitational fractionation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for gravitational fractionation","cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc2010d13co2-t2.xls","linkText":"edc2010d13co2-t2.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"EDC-T2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":151703,"earliestYearBP":151703,"earliestYearCE":-149753,"mostRecentYear":125222,"mostRecentYearBP":125222,"mostRecentYearCE":-123272,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"EPICA Dome C"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination II d13CO2 Data","studyNotes":"Record of CO2 and d13CO2 across Termination II from the European \nProject for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C (EDC) ice core, \nand comparison with previously published Vostok ice core CO2 data.  \n\nThe experimental procedure of extraction of CO2 and its stable \nisotopes, as well as the synchronization of EDC age scale to GICC05, \nare described in the methods section of Lourantou et al. 2010. \nAn even more detailed description can be found in Lourantou, 2009 \n(PhD thesis, can be found online at: \nhttp://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370658/fr/) \n\nTermination II is the penultimate glacial–interglacial transition \n~125,000 Yr BP.  \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8864"}