{"NOAAStudyId":"9973","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-06-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"ICE CORES","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-9973.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":990,"earliestYearCE":960,"entryId":"noaa-icecore-9973","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-9905241"}],"investigators":"Kobashi, T.; Severinghaus, J.; Barnola, J.M.; Kawamura, K.; Carter, T.; Nakaegawa, T.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9973","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Future Greenland temperature evolution will affect melting \nof the ice sheet and associated global sea-level change. \nTherefore, understanding Greenland temperature variability \nand its relation to global trends is critical. Here, we \nreconstruct the last 1,000 years of central Greenland surface \ntemperature from isotopes of N2 and Ar in air bubbles in an \nice core. This technique provides constraints on decadal \nto centennial temperature fluctuations. We found that northern \nhemisphere temperature and Greenland temperature changed \nsynchronously at periods of ~20 years and 40-100 years. \nThis quasi-periodic multi-decadal temperature fluctuation \npersisted throughout the last millennium, and is likely \nto continue into the future. \n","author":null,"citation":"Kobashi, T., J.P. Severinghaus, J.-M. Barnola, K. Kawamura, \nT. Carter, and T. Nakaegawa.  2010.\nPersistent multi-decadal Greenland temperature fluctuation \nthrough the last millennium. \nClimatic Change, Vol. 100, pp. 733-756.  \nDOI 10.1007/s10584-009-9689-9","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s10584-009-9689-9","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9689-9"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climatic Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Persistent multi-decadal Greenland temperature fluctuation through the last millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","Arctic","decadal resolution"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19978","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.6","-38.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-38.5","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"72.6","southernmostLatitude":"72.6","westernmostLongitude":"-38.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18821","coreLengthMeters":316,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/gisp2-ar-n2-temperature2010.txt","linkText":"gisp2-ar-n2-temperature2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 15N excess","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 15N excess","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 15N excess","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 40Ar"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>delta Ar/N2"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 40Ar"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>delta Ar/N2"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"physical property>porosity>air content"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|ICE CORES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>nitrogen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/gisp2-ar-n2-temperature2010.xls","linkText":"gisp2-ar-n2-temperature2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GISP2 1000 Year","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":960,"earliestYearBP":990,"earliestYearCE":960,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"GISP2"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"GISP2 Ice Core 1000 Year Ar-N2 Isotope Temperature Reconstruction ","studyNotes":"Nitrogen and Argon isotope data from air bubbles in the GISP2 \nice core, and 1000 year temperature reconstruction based on \nthe gas isotope data.  Nitrogen (15N/14N) and argon (40Ar/36Ar) \nisotopic ratios were measured, and a firn air separation model \nwas used to reconstruct decadally averaged surface temperature. \nThe thickness of the firn layer and the temperature gradient \nbetween the top and bottom of the firn layer causes known amounts \nof isotopic separation by gravitational and thermal fractionation, \nrespectively (Severinghaus et al. 1998).  Measurements of two \nisotopic ratios with differing sensitivity (d15N and d40Ar) allow \nseparation of the two effects, providing the past firn thickness \nand temperature gradient DT (Kobashi et al. 2007, 2008a, b; \nSeveringhaus and Brook 1999). Surface temperature can be calculated \nfrom the DT and accumulation rate data (Kobashi et al. 2008a), \ncombined with a firn-densification/heat diffusion model.\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8866"}