{"NOAAStudyId":"22091","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"INSECT","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/insect","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-insect-22091.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":11500,"earliestYearCE":-9550,"entryId":"noaa-insect-22091","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-1454734, ARC-0909270, ARC-0909285, ARC-0908081"}],"investigators":"Axford, Y.; Levy, L.B.; Kelly, M.A.; Francis, D.R.; Hall, B.L.; Langdon, P.G.; Lowell, T.V.","mostRecentYearBP":621,"mostRecentYearCE":1329,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22091","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Much of Greenland experienced summers warmer than present in parts of the early to middle Holocene, during a precession-driven positive anomaly in summer insolation. However, the magnitude of that warmth remains poorly known, and its timing and spatial pattern are uncertain. Here we describe the first quantitative Holocene palaeotemperature reconstruction from central East Greenland based upon insect (chironomid) assemblages preserved in lake sediments. We postulate that landscapes like our study site, characterized by minimal soil and vegetation development through the Holocene and thus little influenced by some important secondary gradients, are especially well suited to the use of chironomids to reconstruct Holocene temperatures. The inferred timing of warmth at our study site near Scoresby Sund agrees well with other nearby evidence, including glacial geological reconstructions and temperatures inferred from precipitation isotopes at Renland ice cap, supporting the use of chironomids to reconstruct temperatures at this site. We infer highest temperatures from c. 10 to 5.5 ka, followed by gradual cooling after 5.5 ka and progressively colder and less productive conditions after 3.5 ka. Models based upon two independent training sets yield similar inferred temperature trends, and suggest an average summer temperature anomaly from c. 10 to 5.5 ka of 3 to 4C relative to the preindustrial last millennium. The estimated overall rate of Neoglacial cooling averaged over the period from 5.5 to 0.5 ka was 0.6 to 0.8C per thousand years, more than twice the rate previously estimated for the Arctic as a whole. Given strong apparent spatial variability in Holocene climate around the Arctic, and the utility of palaeoclimate data for improving climate and ice-sheet models, it should be a priority to further quantify past temperature changes around the margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, where few quantitative reconstructions exist and future warming will affect global sea level.","author":{"name":"Yarrow Axford, Laura B. Levy, Meredith A. Kelly, Donna R. Francis, Brenda L. Hall, Peter G. Langdon and Thomas V. Lowell"},"citation":"Yarrow Axford, Laura B. Levy, Meredith A. Kelly, Donna R. Francis, Brenda L. Hall, Peter G. Langdon and Thomas V. Lowell. 2017. Timing and magnitude of early to middle Holocene warming in East Greenland inferred from chironomids. Boreas. . doi: 10.1111/bor.12247","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1111/bor.12247","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12247"},"issue":null,"journal":"Boreas","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Timing and magnitude of early to middle Holocene warming in East Greenland inferred from chironomids","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55801","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["70.909","-25.585"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-25.585","maxElevationMeters":"690","minElevationMeters":"690","northernmostLatitude":"70.909","southernmostLatitude":"70.909","westernmostLongitude":"-25.585"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33231","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>insecta>other"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/greenland/last-chance2017temp.txt","linkText":"Last Chance Lake Chironomid-Inferred Temperature","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FOR15","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FRA06-TR","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"FRA06","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Yarrow2017temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11500,"earliestYearBP":11500,"earliestYearCE":-9550,"mostRecentYear":621,"mostRecentYearBP":621,"mostRecentYearCE":1329,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33232","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>insecta>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/greenland/last-chance2017chironomid.txt","linkText":"Last Chance Lake Chironomid Assemblage Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Micropsectra","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Orthocladius consobrinus type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cricotopus sylvestris type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>insect index>midge index>total head capsules"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Corynoneura","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cricotopus pulchripes type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cricotopus/Orthocladius undiff","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cricotopus tremulus type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Diamesa","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Eukieferiella","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Heterotrissocladius","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Oliveridia/Hydrobaenus","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Orthocladiinae undiff","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Paracladius","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Parakieferiella nigra type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Procladius","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"P Monopsectrocladius","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Psectrocladius nr barbimanus type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Psectrocladius barbimanus type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Psectrocladius sordidellus type","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Psectrocladius undiff","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Pseudodiamesa","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tanypodinae undiff","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tanytarsus lugens/Corynocera oliveri","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tanytarsini undiff","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Trissocladius","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"no ID + unknown","cvDataType":"INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>insect>identified insect>identified midge"}]}],"dataTableName":"Yarrow2017chironomid","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11500,"earliestYearBP":11500,"earliestYearCE":-9550,"mostRecentYear":621,"mostRecentYearBP":621,"mostRecentYearCE":1329,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Last Chance Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Last Chance Lake, East Greenland Holocene Chironomid Data and Inferred Temperature","studyNotes":"Chironomid assemblage data and chironomid-inferred paleo-temperature from sediments collected in Last Chance Lake, East Greenland, for the past 11,500 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20069"}