{"NOAAStudyId":"1003961","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-02-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","dataTypeInformation":null,"difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-instrument-1003961.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":54,"earliestYearCE":1896,"entryId":"noaa-instrument-1003961","funding":[],"investigators":"Vargas, W.M.; Naumann, G.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1003961","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We statistically reconstruct austral summer (winter) surface air \ntemperature fields back to ad 900 (1706) using 22 (20) annually \nresolved predictors from natural and human archives from southern \nSouth America (SSA). This represents the first regional-scale \nclimate field reconstruction for parts of the Southern Hemisphere \nat this high temporal resolution. We apply three different \nreconstruction techniques: multivariate principal component \nregression, composite plus scaling, and regularized expectation \nmaximization. There is generally good agreement between the results \nof the three methods on interannual and decadal timescales. \nThe field reconstructions allow us to describe differences \nand similarities in the temperature evolution of different \nsub-regions of SSA. The reconstructed SSA mean summer temperatures \nbetween 900 and 1350 are mostly above the 1901–1995 climatology. \nAfter 1350, we reconstruct a sharp transition to colder conditions, \nwhich last until approximately 1700. The summers in the eighteenth \ncentury are relatively warm with a subsequent cold relapse peaking \naround 1850. In the twentieth century, summer temperatures reach \nconditions similar to earlier warm periods. The winter temperatures \nin the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were mostly below the \ntwentieth century average. The uncertainties of our reconstructions \nare generally largest in the eastern lowlands of SSA, where the \ncoverage with proxy data is poorest. Verifications with independent \nsummer temperature proxies and instrumental measurements suggest \nthat the interannual and multi-decadal variations of SSA temperatures \nare well captured by our reconstructions. This new dataset can be \nused for data/model comparison and data assimilation as well as \nfor detection and attribution studies at sub-continental scales. \n","author":null,"citation":"Neukom, R., J. Luterbacher, R. Villalba, M. Küttel, D. Frank, \nP.D. Jones, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner, J.-C. Aravena, D.E. Black, \nD.A. Christie, R. D'Arrigo, A. Lara, M. Morales, C. Soliz-Gamboa, \nA. Srur, R. Urrutia, and L. von Gunten. 2010.\nMultiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field \nreconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries. \nClimate Dynamics, Online First March 28, 2010, \nDOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field  reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Vargas, W.M.; Naumann, G"},"citation":"Vargas, W.M.; Naumann, G. 2008. Impacts of climatic change and low frequency variability in reference series on daily maximum and minimum temperature in southern South America. 8(2), 45-47. ","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":"2","journal":null,"pages":"45-47","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Impacts of climatic change and low frequency variability in reference series on daily maximum and minimum temperature in southern South America","type":"publication","volume":"8"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"1000875","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-52","-69.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-69.5","maxElevationMeters":"5670","minElevationMeters":"5670","northernmostLatitude":"-52","southernmostLatitude":"-52","westernmostLongitude":"-69.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Argentina","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"1002130","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>instrumental"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/lotred-sa2k/Rio_Gallegos.txt","linkText":"Rio_Gallegos.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Rio Gallegos instrumental temp PAGES LOTRED-SA","dataTableNotes":"DJF Average","earliestYear":1896,"earliestYearBP":54,"earliestYearCE":1896,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Rio Gallegos instrumental temperature"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Rio Gallegos Instrumental temperature, PAGES LOTRED-SA Version","studyNotes":"Uploaded by R. Neukom, data obtained from original authors.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"1120337"}