{"NOAAStudyId":"10393","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-10393.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":551990,"earliestYearCE":-550040,"entryId":"noaa-lake-10393","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"Paleoclimate, P2C2"},{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Fawcett, P.J.; Werne, J.P.; Anderson, R.S.; Heikoop, J.M.; Brown, E.T.; Berke, M.A.; Smith, S.J.; Goff, F.; Donohoo-Hurley, L.; Cisneros-Dozal, L.M.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.; Huang, Y.; Toney, J.; Fessenden, J.; WoldeGabriel, G.; Atudorei, V.; Geissman, J.W.; Allen, C.","mostRecentYearBP":363030,"mostRecentYearCE":-361080,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10393","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The potential for increased drought frequency and severity linked \nto anthropogenic climate change in the semi-arid regions of the \nsouthwestern United States (US) is a serious concern. Multi-year\ndroughts during the instrumental period and decadal-length droughts \nof the past two millennia were shorter and climatically different \nfrom the future permanent, 'dust-bowl-like' megadrought conditions, \nlasting decades to a century, that are predicted as a consequence \nof warming. So far, it has been unclear whether or not such \nmegadroughts occurred in the southwestern US, and, if so, with what \nregularity and intensity. Here we show that periods of aridity \nlasting centuries to millennia occurred in the southwestern US \nduring mid-Pleistocene interglacials. Using molecular palaeo-\ntemperature proxies to reconstruct the mean annual temperature (MAT) \nin mid-Pleistocene lacustrine sediment from the Valles Caldera, \nNew Mexico, we found that the driest conditions occurred during \nthe warmest phases of interglacials, when the MAT was comparable \nto or higher than the modern MAT. A collapse of drought-tolerant \nC4 plant communities during these warm, dry intervals indicates \na significant reduction in summer precipitation, possibly in \nresponse to a poleward migration of the subtropical dry zone. \nThree MAT cycles ~2°C in amplitude occurred within Marine Isotope \nStage (MIS) 11 and seem to correspond to the muted precessional \ncycles within this interglacial. In comparison with MIS 11, MIS 13 \nexperienced higher precessional-cycle amplitudes, larger variations \nin MAT (4-6°C) and a longer period of extended warmth, suggesting \nthat local insolation variations were important to interglacial \nclimatic variability in the southwestern US. Comparison of the \nearly MIS 11 climate record with the Holocene record shows many \nsimilarities and implies that, in the absence of anthropogenic \nforcing, the region should be entering a cooler and wetter phase. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Fawcett, P.J., J.P. Werne, R.S. Anderson, J.M. Heikoop, E.T. Brown, \nM.A. Berke, S.J. Smith, F. Goff, L. Donohoo-Hurley, L.M. Cisneros-Dozal, \nS. Schouten, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, Y. Huang, J. Toney, J. Fessenden, \nG. WoldeGabriel, V. Atudorei, J.W. Geissman, and C.D. Allen. 2011.\nExtended megadroughts in the southwestern United States during \nPleistocene interglacials. \nNature, Vol. 470, pp. 518-521, 24 February 2011.  \ndoi:10.1038/nature09839\n\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature09839","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09839"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Extended megadroughts in the southwestern United States during  Pleistocene interglacials","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["drought","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"36975","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.86","-106.45"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-106.45","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"35.86","southernmostLatitude":"35.86","westernmostLongitude":"-106.45"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>New Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19160","coreLengthMeters":75,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/newmexico/valles-caldera2011.txt","linkText":"valles-caldera2011.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MBT/CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>soil","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>silicon/titanium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"total organic carbon/total organic nitrogen","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/newmexico/valles-caldera2011.xls","linkText":"valles-caldera2011.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"VC-3","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":551990,"earliestYearBP":551990,"earliestYearCE":-550040,"mostRecentYear":363030,"mostRecentYearBP":363030,"mostRecentYearCE":-361080,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Valles Caldera"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Valles Caldera Pleistocene Interglacial Multiproxy Sediment Data ","studyNotes":"High-resolution climate record from an 82m lacustrine sediment \ncore (VC-3) from the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, spanning two \nmid-Pleistocene glacial cycles from MIS 14 to MIS 10. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9047"}