{"NOAAStudyId":"10434","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-04-24","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-10434.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":14737,"earliestYearCE":-12787,"entryId":"noaa-lake-10434","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-9809472"},{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"University of Pittsburgh","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Spanish Ministry of Education and Science","fundingGrant":"CGL2006-00974"}],"investigators":"Stansell, N.D.; Abbott, M.B.; Rull, V.; Rodbell, D.; Bezada, M.; Montoya, E.","mostRecentYearBP":9501,"mostRecentYearCE":-7551,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10434","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A radiocarbon dated sediment record from Laguna de Los Anteojos, \na cirque lake in the Mérida Andes of Venezuela, indicates that \nwarmer and wetter atmospheric conditions occurred in the northern \ntropics at the onset of the Bølling (~14,600 cal yr BP), and \nabruptly colder and drier conditions around the time of the\nYounger Dryas (YD). Geochemical and clastic sediment analyses \nfrom Los Anteojos show that glaciers advanced at ~12,850 cal yr BP, \nreached their YD maximum extent at ~12,650 cal yr BP, and then \nretreated until complete deglaciation of the watershed at ~11,750 \ncal yr BP. The onset of warmer conditions that ended the coldest \nphase of the YD occurred several hundred years earlier at Los \nAnteojos than in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. \nDuring the peak YD glacial advance, glacier equilibrium-line \naltitudes in the region were ~360 to 480 m lower, and temperature \nwas ~2.2 to 2.9°C colder than modern.  Independent palynological \nevidence from the Los Anteojos sediment core indicates that the \nnorthern Andes were more arid and at least 2.3°C colder during \nthe YD. The direction and timing of glacial fluctuations in\nVenezuela are consistent with observations of marine sediment \nrecords from the Cariaco Basin that suggest abrupt cooling \noccurred at ~12,850 cal yr BP, followed by a shift to higher \ntemperature after ~12,300 cal yr BP. The timing and pattern \nof climatic changes in northern South America are also consistent \nwith paleoclimate records from the southern Tropical Andes that \nsuggest a southward shift in the position of the Intertropical \nConvergence Zone occurred at the start of the cooling event, \nfollowed by a return to wetter conditions in northern South \nAmerica during the late stages of the YD. The early warming \nof the tropical atmosphere and invigoration of the hydrologic \ncycle likely contributed to the shift to increased temperature \nin the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere at the end \nof the late glacial stage.\n\n","author":null,"citation":"Stansell, N.D., M.B. Abbott, V. Rull, D.T. Rodbell, M. Bezada, \nand E. Montoya. 2010. \nAbrupt Younger Dryas cooling in the northern tropics recorded \nin lake sediments from the Venezuelan Andes. \nEarth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 293, pp. 154-163.  \ndoi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.040 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.040","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.040"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Abrupt Younger Dryas cooling in the northern tropics recorded  in lake sediments from the Venezuelan Andes","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["abrupt climate change","Younger Dryas","PAGES LOTRED SA2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"37060","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["8.5383","-71.0737"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-71.0737","maxElevationMeters":"3920","minElevationMeters":"3920","northernmostLatitude":"8.5383","southernmostLatitude":"8.5383","westernmostLongitude":"-71.0737"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Venezuela","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19232","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/venezuela/los-anteojos2010.txt","linkText":"los-anteojos2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-6 units","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"magnetic susceptibility measurement with point or surface sensor","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>volume magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>titanium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed using lowess 0.01","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>titanium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"spectrophotometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed using lowess 0.01","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"spectrophotometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calculated as 100% minus organic matter minus Biogenic silica","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"550 degrees C","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/venezuela/los-anteojos2010.xls","linkText":"los-anteojos2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"LLA001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":14737,"earliestYearBP":14737,"earliestYearCE":-12787,"mostRecentYear":9501,"mostRecentYearBP":9501,"mostRecentYearCE":-7551,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Laguna de Los Anteojos"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Laguna de Los Anteojos, Venezuela Younger Dryas Sediment Data","studyNotes":"Multiproxy lake sediment data from Laguna de Los Anteojos \nin the Mérida Andes of Venezuela, covering the Younger Dryas \nclimate event.  \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9098"}