{"NOAAStudyId":"12202","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-10-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-12202.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4912,"earliestYearCE":-2962,"entryId":"noaa-lake-12202","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC 0612366, OPP 05-20112"},{"fundingAgency":"Joint Fire Science Program","fundingGrant":"06-3-1-23"}],"investigators":"Hu, F.S.; Higuera, P.E.; Walsh, J.E.; Chapman, W.L.; Duffy, P.A.; Brubaker, L.B.; Chipman, M.L.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12202","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Recent climatic warming has resulted in pronounced environmental \r\nchanges in the Arctic, including shrub cover expansion and sea ice \r\nshrinkage. These changes foreshadow more dramatic impacts that will \r\noccur if the warming trend continues. Among the major challenges \r\nin anticipating these impacts are \"surprises\" stemming from changes \r\nin system components that have remained relatively stable in the \r\nhistoric record. Tundra burning is potentially one such component. \r\nHere we report paleoecological evidence showing that recent tundra \r\nburning is unprecedented in the central Alaskan Arctic within the \r\nlast 5000 years. Analysis of lake sediment cores reveals peak values \r\nof charcoal accumulation corresponding to the Anaktuvuk River Fire \r\nin 2007, with no evidence of other fire events throughout the past \r\nfive millennia in that area. Atmospheric reanalysis suggests that \r\nthe fire was favored by exceptionally warm and dry weather conditions \r\nin summer and early autumn. Boosted regression tree modeling shows \r\nthat such conditions also explain 95% of the interannual variability \r\nin tundra area burned throughout Alaska over the past 60 years \r\nand that the response of tundra burning to climatic warming is\r\nnonlinear. These results contribute to an emerging body of evidence \r\nsuggesting that tundra ecosystems can burn more frequently under \r\nsuitable climatic and fuel conditions. The Anaktuvuk River Fire \r\ncoincides with extreme sea ice retreat, and tundra area burned\r\nin Alaska is moderately correlated with sea ice extent from 1979 \r\nto 2009 (r = -0.43, p = 0.02). Recurrences of large tundra fires \r\nas a result of sea ice disappearance may represent a novel \r\nmanifestation of coupled marine-terrestrial responses to \r\nclimatic warming.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Hu, F.S., P.E. Higuera, J.E. Walsh, W.L. Chapman, P.A. Duffy, \r\nL.B. Brubaker, and M.L. Chipman. 2010. \r\nTundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change \r\nand sea ice retreat. \r\nJ. Geophys. Res., 115, G04002, doi:10.1029/2009JG001270. \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2009JG001270","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001270"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Tundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change  and sea ice retreat","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52407","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.9414","-150.4994"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-150.4994","maxElevationMeters":"400","minElevationMeters":"400","northernmostLatitude":"68.9414","southernmostLatitude":"68.9414","westernmostLongitude":"-150.4994"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20525","coreLengthMeters":1,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from NCEP reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square kilometer","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"count of MODIS hotspot points for the AR Fire from 15 July through 1 October 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HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>mineralogy"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/perch-dimple2010.xls","linkText":"perch-dimple2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"PerchAK2010","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4912,"earliestYearBP":4912,"earliestYearCE":-2962,"mostRecentYear":-58,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Perch Lake Alaska"},{"NOAASiteId":"52408","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.95","-150.2"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-150.2","maxElevationMeters":"400","minElevationMeters":"400","northernmostLatitude":"68.95","southernmostLatitude":"68.95","westernmostLongitude":"-150.2"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20524","coreLengthMeters":1,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>mineralogy"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/perch-dimple2010.txt","linkText":"perch-dimple2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on GBM model","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square kilometer","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem quantity>burned area"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>volume magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from NCEP reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from NCEP reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from NCEP reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from NCEP reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square kilometer","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"count of MODIS hotspot points for the AR Fire from 15 July through 1 October 2007","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem quantity>burned area"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square kilometer","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem quantity>burned area"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>wet sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milliliter","cvWhat":"physical property>volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"# of charcoal pieces >180 um","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>mineralogy"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/perch-dimple2010.xls","linkText":"perch-dimple2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Dimple2010","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1184,"earliestYearBP":1184,"earliestYearCE":766,"mostRecentYear":-58,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Dimple Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Perch and Dimple Lakes, Alaska 5000 Year Charcoal Data","studyNotes":"Chronology, magnetic susceptibility, and macrosopic charcoal \n(number of pieces >180 microns) from sediments of Dimple \nand Perch Lakes, North Slope, Alaska. \n\nAlso included are modern and reanalysis data used to generate \nFigures 2a, 2b, 3, and 4a of Hu et al. 2010. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10266"}