{"NOAAStudyId":"12909","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-05-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-12909.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":10981,"earliestYearCE":-9031,"entryId":"noaa-lake-12909","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"200021-121909  and IZK0Z2-131407"},{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"FP7/2007-2013"}],"investigators":"Niemann, H.; Stadnitskaia, A.; Wirth, S.B.; Gilli, A.; Anselmetti, F.S.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.; Schouten, S.; Hopmans, E.C.; Lehmann, M.F.","mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12909","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A novel proxy for continental mean annual air temperature (MAAT) \r\nand soil pH, the MBT/CBT paleothermometer, is based on the \r\ntemperature (T) and pH-dependent distribution of specific bacterial \r\nmembrane lipids (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers – \r\nGDGTs) in soil organic matter. Here, we tested the applicability \r\nof the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to sediments from Lake Cadagno, \r\na high Alpine lake in southern Switzerland with a small catchment \r\nof 2.4 km2. We analysed the distribution of bacterial GDGTs \r\nin catchment soils and in a radiocarbon dated sediment core \r\nfrom the centre of the lake, covering the past 11 000 yr. \r\nThe distribution of bacterial GDGTs in the catchment soils \r\nis very similar to that in the lake's surface sediments, \r\nindicating a common origin of the lipids.  Consequently, \r\ntheir transfer from the soils into the sediment record seems \r\nundisturbed, probably without any significant alteration \r\nof their distribution through in situ production in the lake \r\nitself or early diagenesis of branched GDGTs. The MBT/CBT-inferred \r\nMAAT estimates from soils and surface sediments are in good \r\nagreement with instrumental values for the Lake Cadagno region \r\n(~0.5°C). Moreover, downcore MBT/CBT-derived MAAT estimates \r\nmatch in timing and magnitude other proxy-based T reconstructions \r\nfrom nearby locations for the last two millennia. Major climate \r\nanomalies recorded by the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer are, for \r\ninstance, the Little Ice Age (~14th to 19th century) and the \r\nMedieval Warm Period (MWP, ~9th to 14th century). Together, \r\nour observations indicate the quantitative applicability \r\nof the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to Lake Cadagno sediments. \r\nIn addition to the MWP, our lacustrine paleo T record indicates \r\nHolocene warm phases at about 3, 5, 7 and 11 kyr before present, \r\nwhich agrees in timing with other records from both the Alps \r\nand the sub-polar North-East Atlantic Ocean. The good temporal \r\nmatch of the warm periods determined for the central Alpine \r\nregion with north-west European winter precipitation strength \r\nimplies a strong and far-reaching influence of the North Atlantic \r\nOscillation on continental European T variations during the Holocene. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Niemann, H., A. Stadnitskaia, S.B. Wirth, A. Gilli, F.S. Anselmetti, \r\nJ.S. Sinninghe Damsté, S. Schouten, E.C. Hopmans, and M.F. Lehmann. 2012. \r\nBacterial GDGTs in Holocene sediments and catchment soils of a high \r\nAlpine lake: application of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer. \r\nClimate of the Past, Vol. 8, pp. 889-906. \r\nwww.clim-past.net/8/889/2012/ \r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-8-889-2012 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-8-889-2012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-889-2012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Bacterial GDGTs in Holocene sediments and catchment soils of a high  Alpine lake: application of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Medieval Warm Period","Little Ice Age (LIA)","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53043","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.5507","8.7139"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8.7139","maxElevationMeters":"1921","minElevationMeters":"1921","northernmostLatitude":"46.5507","southernmostLatitude":"46.5507","westernmostLongitude":"8.7139"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21252","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/cadagno2012.txt","linkText":"cadagno2012.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using MBT/CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using CBT","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>soil","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"composite depth corrected for slump deposits","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>methylation index of branched tetraethers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>cyclization index of branched tetraethers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>branched and isoprenoid tetraether index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/cadagno2012.xls","linkText":"cadagno2012.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Cadagno2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":10981,"earliestYearBP":10981,"earliestYearCE":-9031,"mostRecentYear":-59,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Cadagno"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Cadagno Switzerland 11000 Year MBT/CBT Temperature Reconstruction ","studyNotes":"Lake sediment bacterial lipids data and MBT/CBT temperature \nreconstruction from Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, for the past \n11,000 years.  Mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reconstruction \nis based on the MBT/CBT paleothermometer, utilizing temperature \ndependent distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids \nin soil organic matter. \n\nLake Cadagno, Switzerland: 46.5507°N, 8.7139°E, 1921m elevation. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10974"}